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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Editors and Contributors; Introduction; 1 Biomass and Bioenergy: Current State; 1 Energy and Environment; 1.1 Energy Demand; 1.2 Environmental Sustainability; 1.3 Renewable Energy; 1.4 Source, Resource and Benefits of Bioenergy; 2 Generation of Biomass Feedstock; 2.1 First Generation Feedstock; 2.2 Second Generation Feedstock; 2.3 Third Generation Feedstock; 3 Production Technology of Bioenergy; 3.1 Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technology; 3.1.1 Combustion; 3.1.2 Gasification; 3.1.3 Transesterification; 3.1.4 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) and Pyrolysis
3.2 Biological Conversion Technology3.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion (AD); 3.2.2 Hydrogen Fermentation and Bio-photolysis; 3.2.3 Ethanol Fermentation; 3.3 Bio-electrochemical Conversion Technology; 3.3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC); 3.3.2 Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC); 3.4 Biomass Pre-treatment for Bioenergy Conversion; 3.4.1 Physical Pre-treatment; 3.4.2 Mechanical Pre-treatment; 3.4.3 Chemical Pre-treatment; 3.4.4 Biological Pre-treatment; 4 Biofuel Upgrading and Utilization; 4.1 Biofuel Upgrading; 4.1.1 Bio-oil Upgrading Technology; 4.1.2 Biogas Upgrading Technology; 4.2 Biofuel Utilization
5 ConclusionAcknowledgements; References; 2 Role of Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass and Energy Conversion; 1 Introduction; 2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.1 Application in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation: The Fundamentals; 2.2.1 Configurations; 2.2.2 Functions; 2.2.3 Influencing Factors; 2.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.3.1 Ideal Site for Microbial Growth and Metabolic Reactions; 2.3.2 Multiphase Flow; 2.3.3 Heat and Mass Transfer; 2.3.4 Energy Conversion
3 Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion3.1 Application in Microbial Biofuel Conversion; 3.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion: The Fundamentals; 3.2.1 Configurations; 3.2.2 Functions; 3.2.3 Influencing Factors; 3.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion; 3.3.1 Ideal Site for Microbial Metabolic Reactions; 3.3.2 Biomass Cultivation; 3.3.3 Multiphase Flow; 3.3.4 Heat and Mass Transfer; 3.3.5 Energy Conversion; 4 Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems; 4.1 Application in Microbial Electrochemical Systems
4.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems: The Fundamentals4.2.1 Configurations; 4.2.2 System Integration; 4.2.3 Influencing Factors; 4.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems; 4.3.1 Biomass Cultivation; 4.3.2 Mass Transport; 4.3.3 Energy Conversion; 5 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Bioreactors for Microalgal Biomass Production; 3 Photoautotrophic Microalgal Cultivation and Conversion; 1 Introduction of Microalgae; 2 Photosynthetic Mechanism of Microalgae; 2.1 Microalgal Photoautotrophic Cultivation
3.2 Biological Conversion Technology3.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion (AD); 3.2.2 Hydrogen Fermentation and Bio-photolysis; 3.2.3 Ethanol Fermentation; 3.3 Bio-electrochemical Conversion Technology; 3.3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC); 3.3.2 Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC); 3.4 Biomass Pre-treatment for Bioenergy Conversion; 3.4.1 Physical Pre-treatment; 3.4.2 Mechanical Pre-treatment; 3.4.3 Chemical Pre-treatment; 3.4.4 Biological Pre-treatment; 4 Biofuel Upgrading and Utilization; 4.1 Biofuel Upgrading; 4.1.1 Bio-oil Upgrading Technology; 4.1.2 Biogas Upgrading Technology; 4.2 Biofuel Utilization
5 ConclusionAcknowledgements; References; 2 Role of Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass and Energy Conversion; 1 Introduction; 2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.1 Application in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation: The Fundamentals; 2.2.1 Configurations; 2.2.2 Functions; 2.2.3 Influencing Factors; 2.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Biomass Cultivation; 2.3.1 Ideal Site for Microbial Growth and Metabolic Reactions; 2.3.2 Multiphase Flow; 2.3.3 Heat and Mass Transfer; 2.3.4 Energy Conversion
3 Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion3.1 Application in Microbial Biofuel Conversion; 3.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion: The Fundamentals; 3.2.1 Configurations; 3.2.2 Functions; 3.2.3 Influencing Factors; 3.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Biofuel Conversion; 3.3.1 Ideal Site for Microbial Metabolic Reactions; 3.3.2 Biomass Cultivation; 3.3.3 Multiphase Flow; 3.3.4 Heat and Mass Transfer; 3.3.5 Energy Conversion; 4 Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems; 4.1 Application in Microbial Electrochemical Systems
4.2 Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems: The Fundamentals4.2.1 Configurations; 4.2.2 System Integration; 4.2.3 Influencing Factors; 4.3 The Importance of Bioreactors in Microbial Electrochemical Systems; 4.3.1 Biomass Cultivation; 4.3.2 Mass Transport; 4.3.3 Energy Conversion; 5 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; Bioreactors for Microalgal Biomass Production; 3 Photoautotrophic Microalgal Cultivation and Conversion; 1 Introduction of Microalgae; 2 Photosynthetic Mechanism of Microalgae; 2.1 Microalgal Photoautotrophic Cultivation