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Intro; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; Properties of Planetary Regolith; 1 A Survey of Pluto's Surface Composition; References; 2 Physical Properties of Icy Materials; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Presence of Ice in Lunar Regolith; 2.2.1 Testing of Icy Lunar Simulants; 2.3 Lunar Highland Simulant Series NU-LHT; 2.3.1 Physical Properties; 2.3.2 Drilling in Icy NU-LHT-2M; 2.3.3 Penetration Resistance; 2.3.4 Compressive Strength; 2.4 Evidence of Cementation on the Martian Surface; 2.4.1 Composition and Properties of Duricrusts.
2.5 Cementation and Duricrust Formation in a Simulated Martian Environment2.5.1 Properties of the Component Materials; 2.5.2 Effects of Cementation on Sampling Instruments; 2.6 Conclusions; References; Resource, Mining, and Subsurface Access; 3 Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Resource Capturing, Storage, and Utilization; 3.1 Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System; 3.2 Resource Capturing Studies; 3.3 Fueling and Refueling Options; 3.4 Supporting Analyses and Observations; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; Appendix: Issues for Cryogenic Operations; References.
4 Project VALKYRIE: Laser-Powered Cryobots and Other Methods for Penetrating Deep Ice on Ocean Worlds4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Getting Through Ice; 4.2.1 Mechanical Drilling; 4.2.2 Hot Water Drills; 4.2.3 Thermal Probes; 4.3 The Physics of Melting Ice; 4.3.1 The Aamot Equation; 4.3.2 Results of Simulations; 4.4 Power Sources; 4.4.1 Background; 4.4.1.1 Nuclear RPS Power Source; 4.4.1.2 Sr90 Fuel; 4.4.1.3 Power Conversion; 4.4.1.4 Potential Issues; 4.4.2 Nuclear Fission Power Source: Europa Cryo Reactor; 4.4.3 Integration; 4.4.4 Radiation Effects; 4.4.5 Power System/Heat Dissipation.
4.4.6 End of Life and Estimated Cost4.4.7 Timeline; 4.5 Project VALKYRIE [Very-Deep Autonomous Laser-Powered Kilowatt-Class Yo-Yoing Robotic Ice Explorer]; 4.5.1 Origin of Concept; 4.5.2 High Power Laser Transmission Test Over Long-Distance Fiber Optics; 4.5.3 Bending Power Loss Tests; 4.5.4 Fiber Strength; 4.5.5 Descent Rate Estimates with Fiber Bend Loss for VALKYRIE; 4.5.6 Wavelength, Cost, Power, and Performance Issues for VALKYRIE; 4.5.7 Lab Testing of a Full-Scale Fiber Spooler; 4.5.8 Beam Dump and Heat Exchanger; 4.5.9 Vehicle High Power Optics; 4.5.10 Onboard Power Generation.
4.5.11 Onboard Electronics and Control Software4.5.11.1 Vehicle Software Architecture; 4.5.12 CCHWD Subsystems; 4.5.13 Field Deployment Results; 4.5.14 Lessons Learned from VALKYRIE; 4.6 Spindle; 4.6.1 Design of a 2-Stage Cryobot; 4.6.2 Breakthroughs in High Voltage Transmission; 4.6.3 Power, Communications, and Strength Spoolers; 4.6.4 Direct High Voltage Water Heating; 4.7 Direct Laser Penetrator (DLP); 4.7.1 Initial Laboratory DLP Tests; 4.7.2 Implications for Ocean World Missions; 4.8 Obstacle Avoidance; 4.8.1 SAR Antenna Design; 4.8.2 IceSAR Back End Design; 4.8.3 Endfire SAR Resolution.
2.5 Cementation and Duricrust Formation in a Simulated Martian Environment2.5.1 Properties of the Component Materials; 2.5.2 Effects of Cementation on Sampling Instruments; 2.6 Conclusions; References; Resource, Mining, and Subsurface Access; 3 Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System: Resource Capturing, Storage, and Utilization; 3.1 Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System; 3.2 Resource Capturing Studies; 3.3 Fueling and Refueling Options; 3.4 Supporting Analyses and Observations; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; Appendix: Issues for Cryogenic Operations; References.
4 Project VALKYRIE: Laser-Powered Cryobots and Other Methods for Penetrating Deep Ice on Ocean Worlds4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Getting Through Ice; 4.2.1 Mechanical Drilling; 4.2.2 Hot Water Drills; 4.2.3 Thermal Probes; 4.3 The Physics of Melting Ice; 4.3.1 The Aamot Equation; 4.3.2 Results of Simulations; 4.4 Power Sources; 4.4.1 Background; 4.4.1.1 Nuclear RPS Power Source; 4.4.1.2 Sr90 Fuel; 4.4.1.3 Power Conversion; 4.4.1.4 Potential Issues; 4.4.2 Nuclear Fission Power Source: Europa Cryo Reactor; 4.4.3 Integration; 4.4.4 Radiation Effects; 4.4.5 Power System/Heat Dissipation.
4.4.6 End of Life and Estimated Cost4.4.7 Timeline; 4.5 Project VALKYRIE [Very-Deep Autonomous Laser-Powered Kilowatt-Class Yo-Yoing Robotic Ice Explorer]; 4.5.1 Origin of Concept; 4.5.2 High Power Laser Transmission Test Over Long-Distance Fiber Optics; 4.5.3 Bending Power Loss Tests; 4.5.4 Fiber Strength; 4.5.5 Descent Rate Estimates with Fiber Bend Loss for VALKYRIE; 4.5.6 Wavelength, Cost, Power, and Performance Issues for VALKYRIE; 4.5.7 Lab Testing of a Full-Scale Fiber Spooler; 4.5.8 Beam Dump and Heat Exchanger; 4.5.9 Vehicle High Power Optics; 4.5.10 Onboard Power Generation.
4.5.11 Onboard Electronics and Control Software4.5.11.1 Vehicle Software Architecture; 4.5.12 CCHWD Subsystems; 4.5.13 Field Deployment Results; 4.5.14 Lessons Learned from VALKYRIE; 4.6 Spindle; 4.6.1 Design of a 2-Stage Cryobot; 4.6.2 Breakthroughs in High Voltage Transmission; 4.6.3 Power, Communications, and Strength Spoolers; 4.6.4 Direct High Voltage Water Heating; 4.7 Direct Laser Penetrator (DLP); 4.7.1 Initial Laboratory DLP Tests; 4.7.2 Implications for Ocean World Missions; 4.8 Obstacle Avoidance; 4.8.1 SAR Antenna Design; 4.8.2 IceSAR Back End Design; 4.8.3 Endfire SAR Resolution.