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Intro; Contents; Contributors; 1 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Medical Diagnostics; 1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Aging-Associated Diseases; 5.1.1 Neurodegenerative Diseases; 5.1.2 Cardiovascular Diseases; 5.1.3 Diabetes Mellitus; 5.2 Cancer Diagnostics; 5.3 Pathogen Detection; 5.4 Other Fields of Application with Clinical Relevance; 5.4.1 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring; 5.4.2 Enzyme Activity Assays; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References
2 In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 4.1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM); 4.2 Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy; 4.3 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM); 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Organic Fluorophores; 5.1.1 NIR Dyes; 5.1.2 Metal Complexes; 5.1.3 Fluorescent Proteins; 5.1.4 Aptamers; 5.2 Nanoparticles; 5.2.1 Polymer Nanoparticles; 5.2.2 Quantum Dots; 5.2.3 Carbon Dots; 5.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes; 5.2.5 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials; 5.2.6 Nanodiamond
5.2.7 Upconversion Nanoparticles5.2.8 Noble Metal Nanoclusters; 5.2.9 Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References; 3 Real-Time Molecular MRI with Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles; 1 Definition of Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Methodology; 4.1 Solid-State DNP Device; 4.2 Silicon Particles and Surface Functionalization; 4.3 Imaging Experiments; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Silicon Particles; 5.2 T1 Values of Nanoscale Silicon Particles; 5.3 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Nanoscale Silicon Particles
5.4 29Si Spin Relaxation in Particles5.5 Co-polarization of 1H Using Silicon Particles as Radicals; 5.6 Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles as In Vivo MRI Contrast Agents; 5.7 Development Toward Targeted Molecular Imaging; 5.8 29Si MRI-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles; 6 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References; 4 ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Tools for Medical Diagnosis and Disease Investigation; 1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 4.1 Experimental Methodology; 4.1.1 Sample Collection and Preparation
4.1.2 Substrates4.1.3 Spectral Acquisition and Experimental Procedure; 4.1.4 Spectral Preprocessing and Multivariate Analysis; 4.2 Instrumental Methodology; 4.2.1 Manufacturer: ABB Analytical; 4.2.2 Manufacturer: Agilent; 4.2.3 Manufacturer: Arcoptix; 4.2.4 Manufacturer: Beijing Beifen-Ruili Analytical Instrument; 4.2.5 Manufacturer: Bruker; 4.2.6 Manufacturer: Interspectrum; 4.2.7 Manufacturer: JASCO; 4.2.8 Manufacturer: Lumex Instruments; 4.2.9 Manufacturer: PerkinElmer; 4.2.10 Manufacturer: Shimadzu; 4.2.11 Manufacturer: Thermo Fisher Scientific; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Tissue
2 In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 4.1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM); 4.2 Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy; 4.3 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM); 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Organic Fluorophores; 5.1.1 NIR Dyes; 5.1.2 Metal Complexes; 5.1.3 Fluorescent Proteins; 5.1.4 Aptamers; 5.2 Nanoparticles; 5.2.1 Polymer Nanoparticles; 5.2.2 Quantum Dots; 5.2.3 Carbon Dots; 5.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes; 5.2.5 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials; 5.2.6 Nanodiamond
5.2.7 Upconversion Nanoparticles5.2.8 Noble Metal Nanoclusters; 5.2.9 Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles; 6 Conclusions and Future Perspective; References; 3 Real-Time Molecular MRI with Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles; 1 Definition of Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Methodology; 4.1 Solid-State DNP Device; 4.2 Silicon Particles and Surface Functionalization; 4.3 Imaging Experiments; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Silicon Particles; 5.2 T1 Values of Nanoscale Silicon Particles; 5.3 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Nanoscale Silicon Particles
5.4 29Si Spin Relaxation in Particles5.5 Co-polarization of 1H Using Silicon Particles as Radicals; 5.6 Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles as In Vivo MRI Contrast Agents; 5.7 Development Toward Targeted Molecular Imaging; 5.8 29Si MRI-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles; 6 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References; 4 ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Tools for Medical Diagnosis and Disease Investigation; 1 Definition of the Topic; 2 Overview; 3 Introduction; 4 Experimental and Instrumental Methodology; 4.1 Experimental Methodology; 4.1.1 Sample Collection and Preparation
4.1.2 Substrates4.1.3 Spectral Acquisition and Experimental Procedure; 4.1.4 Spectral Preprocessing and Multivariate Analysis; 4.2 Instrumental Methodology; 4.2.1 Manufacturer: ABB Analytical; 4.2.2 Manufacturer: Agilent; 4.2.3 Manufacturer: Arcoptix; 4.2.4 Manufacturer: Beijing Beifen-Ruili Analytical Instrument; 4.2.5 Manufacturer: Bruker; 4.2.6 Manufacturer: Interspectrum; 4.2.7 Manufacturer: JASCO; 4.2.8 Manufacturer: Lumex Instruments; 4.2.9 Manufacturer: PerkinElmer; 4.2.10 Manufacturer: Shimadzu; 4.2.11 Manufacturer: Thermo Fisher Scientific; 5 Key Research Findings; 5.1 Tissue