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Intro; Contents; 1: Introduction; 2: Recent Trends in Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer in Japan; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Source of Data; 2.3 Trend in Hormonal Therapy as Main Treatment; 2.3.1 Initial Treatment Patterns in Japan; 2.3.2 Treatment Pattern Difference Between Japan and the USA; 2.3.3 Types of Hormonal Therapy in Japan; 2.3.4 Types of Castration; 2.3.5 Types of Antiandrogen; Reference; 3: Risk Assessment Among Patients Receiving Primary ADT for Prostate Cancer; 3.1 TNM Classification; 3.2 J-CAPRA Score; 3.3 Risk Assessment in the Next Generation; References
4: Patient-Derived Xenografts for Research on Hormonal Therapy of Prostate Cancer4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Establishment of Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models; 4.3 Basic and Clinical Application of PDX Models for Understanding Resistance to Hormonal Therapy; 4.4 Future Perspectives; References; 5: Impact of GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist on the Gonadal Axis; 5.1 Impact of GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist on the Gonadal Axis; 5.1.1 First Impact: Discovery of LHRH Agonist; 5.1.2 Second Impact: New Hope, GnRH Antagonist
5.1.3 Relationship Between LHRH Agonist and Adrenal Androgen5.1.4 The Effect of Antagonist on Adrenal Androgen; References; 6: Controversies on Combined Androgen Blockade for Prostate Cancer; References; 7: Adrenal Androgen in Prostate Cancer; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Evaluation of Prostate Androgen Concentration by Highly Sensitive Quantitative Analysis; 7.3 Hormone Metabolism in the Prostate; 7.4 Role of Adrenal-Derived Androgens in PCa; References; 8: Intermittent ADT for Prostate Cancer; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Concept of Intermittent ADT; 8.3 Intermittent ADT in Animal Models
8.4 Clinical Experiences of Intermittent ADT8.5 Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analyses/Systematic Reviews Comparing Intermittent Versus Continuous ADT; 8.6 Clinical Guidelines Concerning Intermittent ADT; 8.7 Methods of Intermittent ADT; 8.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Intermittent ADT; 8.9 Future Directions for Intermittent ADT; References; 9: Prognostic Significance of Monitoring Serum Testosterone in Primary ADT for Prostate Cancer; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 The Significance of Lower Testosterone Level Below 50 ng/dL
9.3 The Difference in Clinical Outcome Between GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist9.4 Intratumoral Androgen Synthesis; 9.5 Significance of TST Suppression at Early Stage of Prostate Cancer; 9.6 Future Directions; References; 10: Ethnic Variation in Clinical Outcomes of Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Impact of Ethnicity on the Survival of Men with Prostate Cancer in the United States; 10.3 Comparison of Clinical Outcome of Prostate Cancer Among Various Ethnics in Hawaii; 10.3.1 Comparison of Clinical Outcome Between Caucasians and Japanese
4: Patient-Derived Xenografts for Research on Hormonal Therapy of Prostate Cancer4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Establishment of Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models; 4.3 Basic and Clinical Application of PDX Models for Understanding Resistance to Hormonal Therapy; 4.4 Future Perspectives; References; 5: Impact of GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist on the Gonadal Axis; 5.1 Impact of GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist on the Gonadal Axis; 5.1.1 First Impact: Discovery of LHRH Agonist; 5.1.2 Second Impact: New Hope, GnRH Antagonist
5.1.3 Relationship Between LHRH Agonist and Adrenal Androgen5.1.4 The Effect of Antagonist on Adrenal Androgen; References; 6: Controversies on Combined Androgen Blockade for Prostate Cancer; References; 7: Adrenal Androgen in Prostate Cancer; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Evaluation of Prostate Androgen Concentration by Highly Sensitive Quantitative Analysis; 7.3 Hormone Metabolism in the Prostate; 7.4 Role of Adrenal-Derived Androgens in PCa; References; 8: Intermittent ADT for Prostate Cancer; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Concept of Intermittent ADT; 8.3 Intermittent ADT in Animal Models
8.4 Clinical Experiences of Intermittent ADT8.5 Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analyses/Systematic Reviews Comparing Intermittent Versus Continuous ADT; 8.6 Clinical Guidelines Concerning Intermittent ADT; 8.7 Methods of Intermittent ADT; 8.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Intermittent ADT; 8.9 Future Directions for Intermittent ADT; References; 9: Prognostic Significance of Monitoring Serum Testosterone in Primary ADT for Prostate Cancer; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 The Significance of Lower Testosterone Level Below 50 ng/dL
9.3 The Difference in Clinical Outcome Between GnRH Antagonist and LHRH Agonist9.4 Intratumoral Androgen Synthesis; 9.5 Significance of TST Suppression at Early Stage of Prostate Cancer; 9.6 Future Directions; References; 10: Ethnic Variation in Clinical Outcomes of Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Impact of Ethnicity on the Survival of Men with Prostate Cancer in the United States; 10.3 Comparison of Clinical Outcome of Prostate Cancer Among Various Ethnics in Hawaii; 10.3.1 Comparison of Clinical Outcome Between Caucasians and Japanese