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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Tangible User Interfaces; 1.2 Tangible Geospatial Modeling; 1.2.1 Shape Changing Interfaces; 1.2.2 Augmented Architectural Interfaces; 1.2.3 Augmented Clay Interfaces; 1.2.4 Augmented Sandbox Interfaces; 1.3 Tangible Landscape; 1.3.1 Developing Tangible Landscape; 1.4 The Organization of This Book; References; 2 System Configuration; 2.1 Hardware; 2.1.1 3D Scanner; 2.1.2 Projector; 2.1.3 Computer Requirements; 2.1.4 Physical Setup; 2.2 Software; 2.2.1 GRASS GIS; 2.2.2 GRASS GIS Python API; 2.2.3 Scanning Module r.in.kinect
2.2.4 Tangible Landscape Plugin for GRASS GIS2.2.5 Tangible Landscape Plugin Installation; References; 3 Building Physical 3D Models; 3.1 Handmade Models; 3.2 Digitally Fabricated Models; 3.2.1 Digital Models; 3.2.2 Laser Cutting; 3.2.3 CNC Routing; 3.2.4 3D Printing; 3.3 Molding and Casting; 3.4 Workflows; 3.4.1 Selecting a 3D Model Scale; 3.4.2 Sculpting a Malleable Model from Lidar Data; 3.4.3 CNC Routing a Topographic Model from ContourData; 3.4.4 CNC Routing Topographic and Surface Models from Lidar Data; 3.4.5 3D Printing Topographic and Surface Models from Lidar Data
3.4.6 Casting a Malleable Topographic Model with a CNC Routed Mold Derived from Lidar DataReferences; 4 Tangible Interactions; 4.1 Modes of Interaction; 4.2 3D Sculpting of Surfaces and Volumes; 4.3 Detecting Markers; 4.4 Detecting Color and Shape; 4.5 Combining Color and Elevation; 4.6 Direction Marker; References; 5 Real-Time 3D Rendering and Immersion; 5.1 Blender; 5.2 Hardware and Software Requirements; 5.3 Software Architecture; 5.4 File Monitoring; 5.5 3D Modeling and Rendering; 5.5.1 Handling Geospatial Data; 5.5.2 Object Handling and Modifiers; 5.5.3 3D Rendering; 5.5.4 Materials
5.6 Workflows5.7 Realism and Immersion; 5.7.1 Realism; 5.7.2 Virtual Reality Output; 5.8 Tangible Landscape Add-on in Blender; References; 6 Basic Landscape Analysis; 6.1 Processing and Analyzing the Scanned DEM; 6.1.1 Creating DEM from Point Cloud; 6.1.2 Interpolation with the RST Function; 6.1.3 Analyzing the DEM; 6.2 Case Study: Topographic Analysis of Graded Landscape; 6.2.1 Site Description and 3D Model Properties; 6.2.2 Basic Workflow with DEM Differencing; 6.2.3 The Impact of Model Changes on Topographic Parameters; 6.2.4 Changing Landforms; References; 7 Surface Water Flow Modeling
7.1 Foundations in Flow Modeling7.1.1 Overland Flow; 7.1.2 Dam Breach Flooding; 7.2 Case Study: The Impact of Development on SurfaceWater Flow; 7.3 Case Study: Dam Breach; 7.3.1 Site Description and Input Data Processing; 7.3.2 The Impact of the Road on Flooding; 7.4 Case Study: Stormwater Runoff Control Design with Flow Outside the 3D Model Area; 7.4.1 Site Description and the Physical Model; 7.4.2 Surface Runoff Modeling; References; 8 Soil Erosion Modeling; 8.1 Soil Erosion and Deposition Modeling; 8.2 Case Study: Designing Erosion Control Measures
2.2.4 Tangible Landscape Plugin for GRASS GIS2.2.5 Tangible Landscape Plugin Installation; References; 3 Building Physical 3D Models; 3.1 Handmade Models; 3.2 Digitally Fabricated Models; 3.2.1 Digital Models; 3.2.2 Laser Cutting; 3.2.3 CNC Routing; 3.2.4 3D Printing; 3.3 Molding and Casting; 3.4 Workflows; 3.4.1 Selecting a 3D Model Scale; 3.4.2 Sculpting a Malleable Model from Lidar Data; 3.4.3 CNC Routing a Topographic Model from ContourData; 3.4.4 CNC Routing Topographic and Surface Models from Lidar Data; 3.4.5 3D Printing Topographic and Surface Models from Lidar Data
3.4.6 Casting a Malleable Topographic Model with a CNC Routed Mold Derived from Lidar DataReferences; 4 Tangible Interactions; 4.1 Modes of Interaction; 4.2 3D Sculpting of Surfaces and Volumes; 4.3 Detecting Markers; 4.4 Detecting Color and Shape; 4.5 Combining Color and Elevation; 4.6 Direction Marker; References; 5 Real-Time 3D Rendering and Immersion; 5.1 Blender; 5.2 Hardware and Software Requirements; 5.3 Software Architecture; 5.4 File Monitoring; 5.5 3D Modeling and Rendering; 5.5.1 Handling Geospatial Data; 5.5.2 Object Handling and Modifiers; 5.5.3 3D Rendering; 5.5.4 Materials
5.6 Workflows5.7 Realism and Immersion; 5.7.1 Realism; 5.7.2 Virtual Reality Output; 5.8 Tangible Landscape Add-on in Blender; References; 6 Basic Landscape Analysis; 6.1 Processing and Analyzing the Scanned DEM; 6.1.1 Creating DEM from Point Cloud; 6.1.2 Interpolation with the RST Function; 6.1.3 Analyzing the DEM; 6.2 Case Study: Topographic Analysis of Graded Landscape; 6.2.1 Site Description and 3D Model Properties; 6.2.2 Basic Workflow with DEM Differencing; 6.2.3 The Impact of Model Changes on Topographic Parameters; 6.2.4 Changing Landforms; References; 7 Surface Water Flow Modeling
7.1 Foundations in Flow Modeling7.1.1 Overland Flow; 7.1.2 Dam Breach Flooding; 7.2 Case Study: The Impact of Development on SurfaceWater Flow; 7.3 Case Study: Dam Breach; 7.3.1 Site Description and Input Data Processing; 7.3.2 The Impact of the Road on Flooding; 7.4 Case Study: Stormwater Runoff Control Design with Flow Outside the 3D Model Area; 7.4.1 Site Description and the Physical Model; 7.4.2 Surface Runoff Modeling; References; 8 Soil Erosion Modeling; 8.1 Soil Erosion and Deposition Modeling; 8.2 Case Study: Designing Erosion Control Measures