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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; 1 Ecology for Sustainable and Multifunctional Agriculture; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Agroecosystems are Social-Ecological Systems at Work; 1.3 Reconciling Production and Biodiversity Using the Concept of Ecosystem Services; 1.4 Landscape Scale, Key Scale for Agroecology; 1.4.1 Absence of Consensus About the Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; 1.4.2 Towards an Explicit Account of Agricultural Practices in the Characterization of Farmland; 1.4.3 Taking into Account the Temporal Variability of Agroecosystems
1.5 Ecological Networks, Productivity and Biological Regulation1.5.1 Horizontal Diversity and Biotic Interactions; 1.5.2 Vertical Diversity and Biotic Interactions; 1.5.3 Integrating Trophic and Non-tropic Interactions; 1.5.4 Climate and Agricultural Practices Deeply Modify Ecological Networks; 1.6 Perspectives; 1.6.1 Novel Tools to go Further in the Understanding of Ecological Network Dynamics; 1.6.2 Landscape Issues for the Delivery of Multiple of Functions in Agroecosystems; 1.6.3 Towards an Eco-Evolutionary Perspective of Agroecology
1.6.4 Is the Ecosystem Service Concept Relevant for Designing Sustainable Multifunctional Agriculture?1.7 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Allelopathy: Principles and Basic Aspects for Agroecosystem Control; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 History of Allelopathy; 2.3 Current Status of Allelopathy Research; 2.4 Terminology and Classification; 2.4.1 Autotoxicity or Autoallelopathy; 2.4.2 Allelopathy and Competition; 2.4.3 Establishing the Proof of Allelopathy; 2.5 Chemical Nature of Allelochemicals; 2.5.1 Phenolic Compounds; 2.5.1.1 Simple phenols; 2.5.1.2 Flavonoids; 2.5.1.3 Tannins
2.5.1.4 Cinnamic Acid and Derivatives2.5.1.5 Coumarins; 2.5.1.6 Lichen Metabolites; 2.5.2 Terpenoids; 2.5.2.1 Monoterpenoids; 2.5.2.2 Sesquiterpene Lactones; 2.5.2.3 Diterpenoids; 2.5.2.4 Other Terpenoids; 2.5.3 Other Compounds; 2.5.3.1 Alkaloids; 2.5.3.2 Cyanogenic Glycosides; 2.6 Modes of Release of Allelochemicals into the Environment; 2.6.1 Volatilization; 2.6.2 Leaching; 2.6.3 Root Exudation; 2.6.4 Decomposition of Plant Material; 2.7 Factors Affecting Allelochemical Production; 2.7.1 Light; 2.7.2 Temperature; 2.7.3 Water Deficiency; 2.7.4 Minerals Availability
2.7.5 Soil Characteristics2.7.6 Biotic Components; 2.8 Modes of Action of Allelochemicals; 2.8.1 Inhibition of Cell Division, Elongation and Ultra-Structure; 2.8.2 Interference with Cell Membrane Permeability; 2.8.3 Interference with Various Enzyme Activities; 2.8.4 Interference with Synthesis of Plant Endogenous Hormones; 2.8.5 Interference with Respiration; 2.8.6 Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Pigment Synthesis; 2.8.7 Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Nucleic Acid Metabolism; 2.8.8 Interference with Mineral Uptake; 2.8.9 Interference with Plant-Water Relationships
1.5 Ecological Networks, Productivity and Biological Regulation1.5.1 Horizontal Diversity and Biotic Interactions; 1.5.2 Vertical Diversity and Biotic Interactions; 1.5.3 Integrating Trophic and Non-tropic Interactions; 1.5.4 Climate and Agricultural Practices Deeply Modify Ecological Networks; 1.6 Perspectives; 1.6.1 Novel Tools to go Further in the Understanding of Ecological Network Dynamics; 1.6.2 Landscape Issues for the Delivery of Multiple of Functions in Agroecosystems; 1.6.3 Towards an Eco-Evolutionary Perspective of Agroecology
1.6.4 Is the Ecosystem Service Concept Relevant for Designing Sustainable Multifunctional Agriculture?1.7 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Allelopathy: Principles and Basic Aspects for Agroecosystem Control; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 History of Allelopathy; 2.3 Current Status of Allelopathy Research; 2.4 Terminology and Classification; 2.4.1 Autotoxicity or Autoallelopathy; 2.4.2 Allelopathy and Competition; 2.4.3 Establishing the Proof of Allelopathy; 2.5 Chemical Nature of Allelochemicals; 2.5.1 Phenolic Compounds; 2.5.1.1 Simple phenols; 2.5.1.2 Flavonoids; 2.5.1.3 Tannins
2.5.1.4 Cinnamic Acid and Derivatives2.5.1.5 Coumarins; 2.5.1.6 Lichen Metabolites; 2.5.2 Terpenoids; 2.5.2.1 Monoterpenoids; 2.5.2.2 Sesquiterpene Lactones; 2.5.2.3 Diterpenoids; 2.5.2.4 Other Terpenoids; 2.5.3 Other Compounds; 2.5.3.1 Alkaloids; 2.5.3.2 Cyanogenic Glycosides; 2.6 Modes of Release of Allelochemicals into the Environment; 2.6.1 Volatilization; 2.6.2 Leaching; 2.6.3 Root Exudation; 2.6.4 Decomposition of Plant Material; 2.7 Factors Affecting Allelochemical Production; 2.7.1 Light; 2.7.2 Temperature; 2.7.3 Water Deficiency; 2.7.4 Minerals Availability
2.7.5 Soil Characteristics2.7.6 Biotic Components; 2.8 Modes of Action of Allelochemicals; 2.8.1 Inhibition of Cell Division, Elongation and Ultra-Structure; 2.8.2 Interference with Cell Membrane Permeability; 2.8.3 Interference with Various Enzyme Activities; 2.8.4 Interference with Synthesis of Plant Endogenous Hormones; 2.8.5 Interference with Respiration; 2.8.6 Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Pigment Synthesis; 2.8.7 Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Nucleic Acid Metabolism; 2.8.8 Interference with Mineral Uptake; 2.8.9 Interference with Plant-Water Relationships