Intro; Dedication; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Imaging in Interventional Pain Management and Basics of Ultrasonography; 1: Imaging in Interventional Pain Management; Introduction; C-Arm FDCT; Ultrasound; Intra-Articular Injections; Trigger Point and Muscular Injections; Zygapophyseal and Medial Branch Blocks; Epidural Blocks; Sympathetic Blocks; Combined US and CT/Fluoroscopy; Conclusion; References; 2: Basics of Ultrasound: Pitfalls and Limitations; Introduction; Basic Principles of B-Mode US; Generation of Ultrasound Pulses

Ultrasound Wavelength and FrequencyUltrasound-Tissue Interaction; Recent Innovations in B - Mode Ultrasound; Conclusion; References; 3: Essential Knobology for Ultrasound-­Guided Regional Anesthesia and Interventional Pain Management; Introduction; Frequency and Probe Selection; Depth; Gain; Time Gain Compensation; Focus; Presets; Color Doppler; Power Doppler; Compound Imaging; Tissue Harmonic Imaging; Optimization Button; Freeze Button and Image Acquisition; References; 4: Ultrasound Technical Aspects: How to Improve Needle Visibility; Introduction; Training and Phantom Simulation

Training with Adequate MentorshipPhantoms; High-Fidelity Simulation; Combined Ultrasound and Fluoroscopic Phantom Simulators; Procedural Needle: Related Visibility Factors; Basic Sonography and Needle Image Interpretation; Acoustic Impedance as the Basis for Procedure Needle Visualization; Size (Gauge) of the Procedure Needle and Its Echogenicity; The Skin Insertion Site Selected and Angle of Procedure Needle Passage; Echogenic Procedure Needles; Procedure Needle Tip; The Ultrasound Device and Procedure Needle Visibility; Ultrasound Imaging Artifacts and Procedure Needle Visibility

Impact of Various Sonographic Modes on Procedure Needle VisibilityCompound Spatial and Frequency Image Reconstruction Following Acoustic Beam Steering and Variable Frequency; Frequency of the Ultrasound Probe (AKA Depth) Acoustic Power and Gain; Time Gain Compensation and Harmonic Imaging; Brightness, Motion, and Doppler Modes; 3D and 4D Ultrasound Imaging; Recent Advances in Ultrasound Imaging and Procedure Needle Visibility; Needle-Probe Alignment; Need for Procedure Needle and Ultrasound Probe Alignment; ."In-Plane" and "Out-Of-Plane" Needle Approach: Classical Probe-Needle Interpositions

Oblique Plane Needle Approach for Ultrasound-Guided Pain ManagementBiplane Needle Imaging Approach for Ultrasound-Guided Pain Management; Mechanical and Optical Procedure Needle Guides; Advanced Procedure Needle Positioning Systems; The "ART" of Scanning for Better Procedure Needle Visualization; Ergonomics for Better Procedure Needle Visibility; Enhancement and Techniques to Improve Procedure Needle Localization; Basic Sonographic Effect of Enhancement; Enhancement with Priming, Insertion of Stylet or Guide Wire, and Vibration; Hydrolocalization of the Procedure Needle