Machine generated contents note: Preface; Part I. Energy and the Environment: The Landscape: 1. A primer on climate change; 2. Global energy landscape and energy security; 3. Sustainability and energy conversions; 4. Energy cost of materials: materials for thin-film photovoltaics as an example; 5. Economics of materials; 6. Global energy flows; 7. Global materials flows; 8. Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration in deep geological formations; Part II. Non-renewable Energy Sources: 9. Petroleum and natural gas; 10. Advancing coal conversion technologies: materials challenges; 11. Oil shale and tar sand; 12. Unconventional energy sources: gas hydrates; 13. Nuclear energy: current and future schemes; 14. Nuclear nonproliferation; 15. Nuclear waste management and disposal; 16. Material requirements for controlled nuclear fusion; Part III. Renewable Energy Sources: 17. Solar energy overview; 18. Direct solar energy conversion with photovoltaic devices; 19. Materials science and technology: new approaches to high efficiency photovoltaic conversion; 20. Concentrating and multijunction photovoltaics; 21. Concentrating solar thermal power; 22. Solar thermoelectrics: direct solar thermal energy conversion; 23. Off-grid solar in the developing world; 24. Principles of photosynthesis; 25. Harnessing microbial metabolism for biofuels and biomaterials; 26. Aqueous processing of cellulosic biomass for biological and chemical conversion to ethanol and other fuels; 27. Artificial photosynthesis for solar energy conversion; 28. Engineered natural photosynthesis; 29. Geothermal and ocean energy; 30. Wind energy; Part IV. Transportation: 31. Road transportation vehicles; 32. Transportation: aviation; 33. Future of shipping; 34. Fully autonomous vehicles: a far-reaching perspective on potential materials and design implications; Part V. Energy Efficiency: 35. Lighting/appliances; 36. Increasing building energy efficiency through advances in materials; 37. Insulation science; 38. Industrial energy efficiency; 39. Green processing: catalysis; 40. Material availability and recycling: identifying risks and evaluating responses; 41. Life-cycle assessment (LCA); Part VI. Energy Storage and the Role of High Penetration Renewables and Grid Stabilization: 42. Toward stronger, smarter, and more secure electric power grids: advances and challenges in distributed sensing, modeling, simulation, and control; 43. Consequences of high penetration renewables; 44. Materials challenges facing electrochemical energy storage: batteries and capacitors; 45. Mechanical energy storage: pumped hydro, CAES, flywheels; 46. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells; 47. Solar fuels; 48. Solar thermal routes to fuel; 49. Photoelectrochemistry; 50. Summary; Appendix A: thermodynamics; Appendix B: electrochemistry.