Climate change / Kaufui Vincent Wong.

1. Introduction


2. Climate change and theories
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Milankovitch theory
2.3 Sunspot cycle
2.4 Sea surface temperature and pressure oscillations in the Pacific Ocean
2.5 Sea surface temperature and pressure oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean
2.6 Discussion and conclusion
References


3. The second law of thermodynamics and heat discharge to the environment by human activities
3.1 Background
3.2 Discussion and proof
3.3 Conclusion
References


4. Greenhouse effect and climate change
4.1 Background
4.2 Understanding electromagnetic radiation
4.3 Planck's law and radiated energy
4.4 Greenhouse effect
4.5 Characteristics of a greenhouse gas
4.6 Evidence of global climate changes
References


5. Anthropogenic heat release into the environment
5.1 Introduction and statement
5.2 Hypothesis of method and the method
5.3 Heat based on world energy consumption
5.4 Heat from net electricity generation
5.5 Heat from oil refineries
5.6 Heat from garbage incineration
5.7 World output of carbon dioxide
5.8 Heat from formation of sulfur dioxide from combustion
5.9 Heat from animal bodies
5.10 Discussion and conclusion
5.11 Nomenclature
References


6. Climate change and all evidences of global warming
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mean temperature changes
6.3 Arctic ice caps
6.4 Wildlife and extinction
6.5 Weather patterns
6.6 Solutions
References


7. Mitigation and adaptation responses to sea level rise
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature about rising seas
7.3 Mitigation responses
7.4 Adaptation responses
7.5 Discussion and conclusion
References


8. Freshwater discharges into the oceans
8.1 Background
8.2 Lower and higher latitudes
8.3 Groundwater discharge and anthropogenic contributions
References


9. Wealth of the oceans
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current status
9.3 Literature survey
9.4 Research and development
9.5 Discussion and conclusion
References


10. Forests and jungles brake climate change
10.1 Photosynthesis
10.2 Costa Rica
10.3 Nicaragua
10.4 Haiti
10.5 The Amazon jungle
10.6 Indonesia
10.7 Discussion and conclusion
References


11. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via technology
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Carbon dioxide removal
11.3 Biochar
11.4 Artificial trees
11.5 Enhanced weathering
11.6 Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage
11.7 Carbon dioxide capture "trapping" procedures
11.8 Carbon dioxide sequestration procedures
11.9 Media for biological systems
11.10 Production of biofuel
11.11 Discussion and conclusion
References


12. Use of satellite images for observational and quantitative analysis of urban heat islands around the world
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Urban heat island effect
12.3 Landsat
12.4 Image selection
12.5 Thermal images
12.6 Quantitative differentiation
12.7 Discussion and conclusion
References
Thermal images of cities analyzed
Urban-rural differential images of cities analyzed


13. Climate change aggravates the energy-water-food nexus
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Energy-water-food nexus
13.3 The Himalayas
13.4 The effect of climate change on glaciers
13.5 The effect of climate change on the Indus River
13.6 The effect of climate change on the South Asian monsoons
13.7 Recommendations to enhance energy, water, food security
13.8 Discussion and conclusion
References


14. Innovations related to hydrology in response to climate change, a review
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Agricultural demands
14.3 Solar drip irrigation
14.4 Wastewater reuse
14.5 Optimal resource management
14.6 Nanotechnology
14.7 Conventional wastewater treatment
14.8 Membrane bioreactors
14.9 Biofilters
14.10 Groundwater
14.11 Comparison of MBRs and AS plants
14.12 Discussion and conclusion
References


15. A balanced view
Index.