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Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Thesis Introduction; References; 2 Introduction to Collider Physics; 2.1 Large Hadron Collider; 2.2 Experiments at the LHC; 2.3 Physics Goals at LHC; 2.4 The CMS Experiment; References; 3 Measurement of the Luminosity at Colliders; 3.1 Absolute Luminosity from Machine Parameters; 3.2 Calibration of Luminometers; 3.3 Luminosity Calculation Using Physics Cross Section; 3.4 Beam Radiation, Instrumentation and Luminosity Project; 3.4.1 New Pixel Luminosity Telescope; 3.4.2 The Fast Beam Condition Monitor
3.4.3 The Beam Halo Monitor3.5 Other Luminometers of the CMS; 3.5.1 The Hadron Forward Calorimeter; 3.5.2 Silicon Pixel Detector; 3.6 Radiation Simulations; References; 4 BCM1F Detector as Luminometer; 4.1 The BCM1F; 4.2 Diamond as a Solid State Detector; 4.3 Sensor Characterization; 4.4 Front-End Electronics; 4.5 Signal Transmission and Back-End Electronics; 4.5.1 Analogue Signal Processing Using VME ADC; 4.5.2 Processing of the Data Using the Real-Time Histogramming Unit; 4.5.3 The MicroTCA Based Back-End Electronics; 4.6 Beam Splashes and BCM1F Timing Adjustment
4.6.1 ADC Data Analysis from Splashes4.7 The BCM1F Response Studies Using the VME ADC; 4.7.1 Baseline Position; 4.7.2 Detector Response for Particle Hits and Test Pulses; 4.7.3 Signal Amplitude and Signal Length Spectra; 4.8 Detector Stability and Radiation Damage Monitoring; 4.8.1 BCM1F Stability within Long LHC Fills and in the 50 ns Operation Period; 4.8.2 BCM1F Performance as a Function of the Luminosity; 4.8.3 Observations During Measurements; 4.8.4 Web Monitoring Tool; References; 5 Measurements of the Luminosity Using BCM1F
5.2.8 Correlations Between the Particle Densities in the x and y Planes5.2.9 Beam-Beam Effects; 5.3 Stability of BCM1F over the 50 ns Running Period and Systematic Uncertainties; 5.3.1 Relative Channel-to-Channel Stability; 5.3.2 Systematic Uncertainties of the Luminosity Measurements; 5.4 Luminosity Measurements Using a Single Channel; 5.4.1 Validation of the Aggregated Histogram; 5.4.2 Visible Cross Section for Single Channel; 5.5 Comparison of VdM Scans in 2015 and 2016; 5.6 Comparison of the Luminometers; References; 6 Upgrade of the Luminometers for High Luminosity LHC
3.4.3 The Beam Halo Monitor3.5 Other Luminometers of the CMS; 3.5.1 The Hadron Forward Calorimeter; 3.5.2 Silicon Pixel Detector; 3.6 Radiation Simulations; References; 4 BCM1F Detector as Luminometer; 4.1 The BCM1F; 4.2 Diamond as a Solid State Detector; 4.3 Sensor Characterization; 4.4 Front-End Electronics; 4.5 Signal Transmission and Back-End Electronics; 4.5.1 Analogue Signal Processing Using VME ADC; 4.5.2 Processing of the Data Using the Real-Time Histogramming Unit; 4.5.3 The MicroTCA Based Back-End Electronics; 4.6 Beam Splashes and BCM1F Timing Adjustment
4.6.1 ADC Data Analysis from Splashes4.7 The BCM1F Response Studies Using the VME ADC; 4.7.1 Baseline Position; 4.7.2 Detector Response for Particle Hits and Test Pulses; 4.7.3 Signal Amplitude and Signal Length Spectra; 4.8 Detector Stability and Radiation Damage Monitoring; 4.8.1 BCM1F Stability within Long LHC Fills and in the 50 ns Operation Period; 4.8.2 BCM1F Performance as a Function of the Luminosity; 4.8.3 Observations During Measurements; 4.8.4 Web Monitoring Tool; References; 5 Measurements of the Luminosity Using BCM1F
5.2.8 Correlations Between the Particle Densities in the x and y Planes5.2.9 Beam-Beam Effects; 5.3 Stability of BCM1F over the 50 ns Running Period and Systematic Uncertainties; 5.3.1 Relative Channel-to-Channel Stability; 5.3.2 Systematic Uncertainties of the Luminosity Measurements; 5.4 Luminosity Measurements Using a Single Channel; 5.4.1 Validation of the Aggregated Histogram; 5.4.2 Visible Cross Section for Single Channel; 5.5 Comparison of VdM Scans in 2015 and 2016; 5.6 Comparison of the Luminometers; References; 6 Upgrade of the Luminometers for High Luminosity LHC