Enhancement cavities for the generation of extreme ultraviolet and hard x-ray radiation / Henning Carstens.

Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; List of Author's Publications:; Parts of this thesis have been published in the following articles; Other Publications; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Impact of the Laser; 1.2 Sources of Coherent Extreme-Ultraviolet and Hard X-Ray Radiation; 1.2.1 High-Harmonic Generation; 1.2.2 Inverse-Compton Scattering; 1.3 Research Objectives; References; 2 Theoretical Background; 2.1 Laser Beams in the Paraxial Approximation; 2.1.1 Fundamental Gaussian Beam; 2.1.2 Orthonormal Gauss-Hermite Basis; 2.1.3 Orthonormal Gauss-Laguerre Basis

2.1.4 Propagation of Gaussian Beams: The ABCD Law2.2 Stable Optical Resonators; 2.2.1 Stability Criteria; 2.2.2 Resonators with Misaligned Elements; 2.2.3 Imaging Resonators; 2.2.4 Transverse Mode Spectrum; 2.3 Enhancement Cavities; 2.3.1 Energy Relations in Enhancement Cavities; 2.3.2 Perturbations; 2.3.3 Impedance-Matched and Input-Coupler-Limited Enhancement; 2.3.4 Frequency Combs and Ultrashort Pulse Enhancement Cavities; 2.4 Thermal Effects in Laser Optics; 2.4.1 Heat Equation and Elastic Deformation; 2.4.2 Thermal Lenses: Focusing and Aberrations; 2.4.3 Winkler's Formula

2.5 High-Order Harmonic Generation2.5.1 Microscopic Picture; 2.5.2 Phase Matching; 2.5.3 High-Harmonic Generation in Absorbing Media; References; 3 Design of High-Power Enhancement Cavities; 3.1 Design Considerations; 3.2 Cavity Designs; 3.2.1 Standard Bow-Tie Cavity; 3.2.2 All-Curved-Mirror Cavity; 3.2.3 Further Designs; 3.3 Application-Specific Requirements; 3.3.1 High-Harmonic Generation; 3.3.2 Thomson Scattering; 3.3.3 Stack-and-Dump; 3.4 Misalignment Sensitivity; 3.4.1 Introduction; 3.4.2 Comparison of Cavity Designs; 3.4.3 Experimental Verification; 3.5 Astigmatic Compensation

3.5.1 In-Plane Compensation3.5.2 Non-planar Cavities; 3.6 Conclusions; References; 4 Megawatt-Level Average Power Enhancement Cavities for Ultrashort Pulses; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Quantitative Model for the Thermal Sensitivity; 4.2.1 Calculation of the Steady State; 4.2.2 Thermal Sensitivity; 4.3 Power Scaling with Custom Optics; 4.3.1 Substrate Materials; 4.3.2 Coating Absorption; 4.4 Experimental Apparatus; 4.5 Experimental Results; 4.6 Limitations for the Achievable Intensity and Average Power; 4.6.1 Spherical Aberrations; 4.6.2 Thermal Aberrations; 4.6.3 Transient Thermal Lensing

4.7 ConclusionsReferences; 5 High-Harmonic Generation at 250MHz Repetition Rate; 5.1 High-Harmonic Generation in Enhancement Cavities; 5.1.1 Motivation; 5.1.2 Intensity Clamping; 5.1.3 Cumulative Plasma; 5.1.4 Conversion Efficiency; 5.1.5 Limitations of the On-axis Model; 5.2 Experimental Apparatus; 5.2.1 Laser System and Enhancement Cavity; 5.2.2 XUV Output Coupling; 5.2.3 XUV Diagnostics; 5.3 Experimental Results; 5.4 Conclusions; References; 6 Summary and Outlook; 6.1 Power Scaling of Enhancement Cavities for Inverse-Compton Scattering; 6.2 Cavity-Enhanced High-Harmonic Generation