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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Endophyte Diversity in Trees; 1 Endophytic Yeasts: Biology, Ecology and Applications; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Defining Endophytic Yeasts; 3 Plant Growth-Promoting Characteristics; 4 Industrial and Environmental Applications; 5 Anthropogenic Impacts on Endophytic Yeast Diversity; 6 Colonization; 7 Conclusion; References; 2 Dimensions of Host Specificity in Foliar Fungal Endophytes; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Structural Specificity; 3 Network Specificity; 4 Phylogenetic Specificity
5 Biological and Methodological Considerations: A Comparative Case Study for Structural, Network and Phylogenetic Specificity6 Relationships Among Host Specificity Dimensions; 7 Comparisons to a Random Community Assembly Model; 8 Beta-Specificity; 9 Conclusion; 10 Methodology; 10.1 Sampling Design; 10.2 Molecular Methods and Sequencing; 10.3 Host Species Phylogeny; 10.4 Sequence Removal; 10.5 Host Specificity Metrics; 10.6 Rank Correlations Between Structural, Network and Phylogenetic Specificity; 10.7 Comparisons to a Random Community Assembly Model; Acknowledgements; Appendices; Appendix A
Appendix BAppendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; References; 3 Diversity of Endophytes in Tropical Forests; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 World's Tropical Coverage; 3 Global Impact of Microbial Diversity; 4 The Role of Microbial Endophytes in Ecosystem Functioning; 5 Fungal Endophytes of Tropical Forests; 6 Endophytic Bacteria of Tropical Forests; 7 Biotechnological Potential of Tropical Endophytes; 8 Final Considerations; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Tree Endophytes: Cryptic Drivers of Tropical Forest Diversity; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 What are Endophytes?
2.1 Tree Endophytes in Tropical Forests2.1.1 Bacterial Endophytes; 2.1.2 Fungal Endophytes; 3 What Structures Endophyte Communities?; 3.1 Vertical Transmission: Common in Herbs But Not Trees; 3.2 Horizontal Transmission; 3.2.1 Endophyte Colonization of Roots; 3.2.2 The Plant Diversity-Soil Organic Heterogeneity Hypothesis; 3.2.3 Endophyte Colonization of Seedlings; 4 Reaching the Endosphere; 4.1 Bacteria; 4.2 Fungi; 5 The Impacts of Microbial Endophytes on Plant Hosts; 5.1 Beneficial Endophytes; 5.1.1 Plant Growth Promotion; 5.1.2 Pathogen Protection; 5.1.3 Herbivore Protection; 5.2 Pathogens
5.2.1 Bacterial Pathogens5.2.2 Fungal Pathogens; 5.3 Endohyphal Bacteria-Good or Bad for Plant Hosts?; 6 The Impacts of Endophytes on Tropical Tree Communities; 6.1 Negative Density Dependence of Pathogens Maintains Tree Community Diversity; 6.2 Endophytes Can Partition the Plant Fundamental Niche to Enhance Tree Diversity; 7 Conclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) in Boreal and Subarctic Forests; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE); 3 Boreal and Subarctic Forest Biomes
5 Biological and Methodological Considerations: A Comparative Case Study for Structural, Network and Phylogenetic Specificity6 Relationships Among Host Specificity Dimensions; 7 Comparisons to a Random Community Assembly Model; 8 Beta-Specificity; 9 Conclusion; 10 Methodology; 10.1 Sampling Design; 10.2 Molecular Methods and Sequencing; 10.3 Host Species Phylogeny; 10.4 Sequence Removal; 10.5 Host Specificity Metrics; 10.6 Rank Correlations Between Structural, Network and Phylogenetic Specificity; 10.7 Comparisons to a Random Community Assembly Model; Acknowledgements; Appendices; Appendix A
Appendix BAppendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; References; 3 Diversity of Endophytes in Tropical Forests; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 World's Tropical Coverage; 3 Global Impact of Microbial Diversity; 4 The Role of Microbial Endophytes in Ecosystem Functioning; 5 Fungal Endophytes of Tropical Forests; 6 Endophytic Bacteria of Tropical Forests; 7 Biotechnological Potential of Tropical Endophytes; 8 Final Considerations; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Tree Endophytes: Cryptic Drivers of Tropical Forest Diversity; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 What are Endophytes?
2.1 Tree Endophytes in Tropical Forests2.1.1 Bacterial Endophytes; 2.1.2 Fungal Endophytes; 3 What Structures Endophyte Communities?; 3.1 Vertical Transmission: Common in Herbs But Not Trees; 3.2 Horizontal Transmission; 3.2.1 Endophyte Colonization of Roots; 3.2.2 The Plant Diversity-Soil Organic Heterogeneity Hypothesis; 3.2.3 Endophyte Colonization of Seedlings; 4 Reaching the Endosphere; 4.1 Bacteria; 4.2 Fungi; 5 The Impacts of Microbial Endophytes on Plant Hosts; 5.1 Beneficial Endophytes; 5.1.1 Plant Growth Promotion; 5.1.2 Pathogen Protection; 5.1.3 Herbivore Protection; 5.2 Pathogens
5.2.1 Bacterial Pathogens5.2.2 Fungal Pathogens; 5.3 Endohyphal Bacteria-Good or Bad for Plant Hosts?; 6 The Impacts of Endophytes on Tropical Tree Communities; 6.1 Negative Density Dependence of Pathogens Maintains Tree Community Diversity; 6.2 Endophytes Can Partition the Plant Fundamental Niche to Enhance Tree Diversity; 7 Conclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgements; References; 5 Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) in Boreal and Subarctic Forests; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE); 3 Boreal and Subarctic Forest Biomes