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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Causes of Chimerism in Humans; Chapter 1: Fertilization and Early Embryonic Errors; Introduction; Detection of Chimerism; Mechanisms of Abnormal Fertilization; Diandric Chimerism; Androgenetic Chimerism; Digynic Chimerism; Mechanisms of Abnormal Early Embryogenesis; Tetragametic Chimerism; Postzygotic Splitting; Mosaicism; Summary; References; Chapter 2: Pregnancy and Multiple Gestations; Introduction; Chimerism as a Result of Pregnancy; Chimerism as a Result of Multiple Gestations; Persistence of Chimerism
Clinical Implications of Chimerism in Multiple GestationsSummary; References; Chapter 3: Transplantation and Transfusion; Introduction; Tissue Transplantation; Solid Organ Transplantation; Heart; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Pancreas; Intestine; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Blood Product Transfusion; Transfusion-Associated Microchimerism; Trauma; Combat; HIV; Immunocompetent; Importance of Microchimerism; References; Part II: Clinical Identification and Consequences of Chimerism; Chapter 4: Relationship Testing and Forensics; Introduction; Consequences of Chimerism in Forensics
Consequences of Chimerism in Relationship TestingCase Study: A Chimeric Father's False Paternity Exclusion; Logic in Testing the Paternity of a Chimeric Alleged Father; Case Conclusions; Case Study: Identifying a Chimeric Child; Case Conclusions; Recommendations for Relationship and Forensic DNA Testing of Undiagnosed Chimera; Limitations to Current DNA Testing Systems; Alternative/Reflexive Testing Recommendations; Future Research; References; Chapter 5: Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening; Introduction and Definitions; Types of Pregnancy-Related Chimerism
Maternal Cells in the Fetus: Maternal Microchimerism (MMC)Fetal Cells in the Mother: Fetal Microchimerism (FMC); Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma: Transient Acellular Fetal Microchimerism; Pregnancies Resulting from Early Embryonic Chimerism; Chimerism and Mosaicism: Distinct Entities with Different Genetic Diagnostic Implications; Benefits and Pitfalls of Chimerism for Prenatal Genetic Testing; Cell-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing; Chimerism and Cell-Free DNA-Based Testing; Chimerism in Multiple Pregnancies; Monozygotic Twins; Dizygotic Twins
Fetal Microchimerism and Obstetric or Maternal PathologyNon-chimeric Fetal Cells Accessible for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis; Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Blood Typing Discrepancies; Introduction; Blood Typing Tests; Red Blood Cell Typing; Secretor Studies; HLA Typing; Molecular Studies; Nature and Investigation of Blood Typing Discrepancies; Clinical Investigation; Laboratory Testing; Molecular Studies; Clinical Cases; Twin Chimerism; Dispermic Chimerism; Tetragametic Chimerism; Feto-maternal Microchimerism; Hematopoietic Transplantation Associated; Transfusion Associated
Clinical Implications of Chimerism in Multiple GestationsSummary; References; Chapter 3: Transplantation and Transfusion; Introduction; Tissue Transplantation; Solid Organ Transplantation; Heart; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Pancreas; Intestine; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Blood Product Transfusion; Transfusion-Associated Microchimerism; Trauma; Combat; HIV; Immunocompetent; Importance of Microchimerism; References; Part II: Clinical Identification and Consequences of Chimerism; Chapter 4: Relationship Testing and Forensics; Introduction; Consequences of Chimerism in Forensics
Consequences of Chimerism in Relationship TestingCase Study: A Chimeric Father's False Paternity Exclusion; Logic in Testing the Paternity of a Chimeric Alleged Father; Case Conclusions; Case Study: Identifying a Chimeric Child; Case Conclusions; Recommendations for Relationship and Forensic DNA Testing of Undiagnosed Chimera; Limitations to Current DNA Testing Systems; Alternative/Reflexive Testing Recommendations; Future Research; References; Chapter 5: Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening; Introduction and Definitions; Types of Pregnancy-Related Chimerism
Maternal Cells in the Fetus: Maternal Microchimerism (MMC)Fetal Cells in the Mother: Fetal Microchimerism (FMC); Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma: Transient Acellular Fetal Microchimerism; Pregnancies Resulting from Early Embryonic Chimerism; Chimerism and Mosaicism: Distinct Entities with Different Genetic Diagnostic Implications; Benefits and Pitfalls of Chimerism for Prenatal Genetic Testing; Cell-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing; Chimerism and Cell-Free DNA-Based Testing; Chimerism in Multiple Pregnancies; Monozygotic Twins; Dizygotic Twins
Fetal Microchimerism and Obstetric or Maternal PathologyNon-chimeric Fetal Cells Accessible for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis; Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Blood Typing Discrepancies; Introduction; Blood Typing Tests; Red Blood Cell Typing; Secretor Studies; HLA Typing; Molecular Studies; Nature and Investigation of Blood Typing Discrepancies; Clinical Investigation; Laboratory Testing; Molecular Studies; Clinical Cases; Twin Chimerism; Dispermic Chimerism; Tetragametic Chimerism; Feto-maternal Microchimerism; Hematopoietic Transplantation Associated; Transfusion Associated