Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Author; 1 Introduction; Abstract; 1.1 Our Main Theme and the Background; 1.2 Terminology; 1.3 Structure of This Book; 2 Overview of Japanese International Trade and Globalization of Japanese Firms; Abstract; 2.1 Japan's Share in the World Economy; 2.2 Expansions of Japanese Foreign Trade; 2.3 Rising Share of Inputs in Japanese Exports; 2.4 Shifting Production to Offshore Locations by Japanese Firms; 2.5 Integration with Asian Countries; 2.6 Summary and Discussions; 3 Measures of Cross-Border Outsourcing; Abstract; 3.1 Business Cases; 3.2 Input Trade

3.2.1 Imported Inputs in I-O Tables3.2.2 Trade in Value-Added; 3.2.3 Trade in Tasks; 3.3 Trade in Goods; 3.3.1 Exports of Machine Parts; 3.3.2 Processing Trade; 3.3.3 "Factoryless Goods Producers"; 3.4 Trade in Services; 3.5 Intra-firm Trade; 3.6 Firm-level Data Outside Japan; 3.7 Summary and Discussions; 4 Japanese Statistics Related with Cross-Border Outsourcing; Abstract; 4.1 Basic Survey of Commercial and Manufacturing Structure and Activities; 4.2 Basic Survey of Japanese Business Structure and Activities; 4.3 Survey of Corporate Offshore Activities

4.4 Survey on Overseas Business Activities4.5 Census of Manufacture; 4.6 Commercial Data Sources; 4.7 Summary and Discussions; 5 Statistical Facts about Cross-Border Outsourcing in Japan; Abstract; 5.1 Firms Outsourcing Across National Border; 5.1.1 Production Outsourcing; 5.1.2 Service Outsourcing; 5.1.3 Outsourcing Disaggregated by Task and Destination; 5.2 Cross-Border versus Domestic Outsourcing; 5.3 Cross-Border Outsourcing by Globalized Firms; 5.4 Share of Outsourced Tasks; 5.5 Summary and Discussions; 6 Productivity Premium of Cross-Border Outsourcing Firms; Abstract

6.1 Theoretical Predictions and Productivity Measures6.1.1 Theoretical Prediction of Productivity Ordering; 6.1.2 Measures of Productivity; 6.2 Comparisons of Firms Outsourcing Within versus Across National Borders; 6.2.1 Gap in Productivity; 6.2.2 Premium in Other Firm Attributes; 6.3 Comparisons of Outsourcers with FDI Firms; 6.3.1 Foreign Outsourcers and FDI Firms; 6.3.2 Comparisons Including Exporters; 6.4 Comparisons of Firms with Different Scopes of Foreign Outsourcing; 6.5 Outsourcing Across National Border and Across Firm Boundary; 6.6 Summary and Discussions

7 Innovation, Development, and Outsourcing Across National BordersAbstract; 7.1 R&D Intensity and the Choice between Foreign versus Domestic Outsourcing; 7.2 R&D Intensity and the Choice of Intra-firm Offshore Sourcing; 7.3 Outsourcing and North-South Technology Gap; 7.3.1 Outsourcing in the Product Cycle; 7.3.2 Choice of Offshore Production Sites; 7.4 Summary and Discussions; 8 Capital, Labor, and Boundaries of Offshoring Firms; Abstract; 8.1 Capital-Labor Ratio of Outsourcing Firms Compared with In-Sourcing Firms; 8.1.1 Theoretical Prediction