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Table of Contents
Intro; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction: Coral Bleaching-Patterns, Processes, Causes and Consequences; References; Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Coral-Algal Symbiosis and Coral Bleaching in the Geologic Past; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Detecting Photosymbiosis in the Fossil Record; 2.3 Mesozoic Reef History and Coral Evolution; 2.4 Late Triassic Dinoflagellate Symbionts?; 2.5 Geological Perspectives on Photosymbiosis and Coral Bleaching; References; Chapter 3: Coral Bleaching in Space and Time; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Early Bleaching Records (Pre-1982)
3.1.2 Bleaching Records from 1982 Onwards3.2 Global Patterns of Coral Bleaching; 3.2.1 Temporal Patterns; 3.2.1.1 Location Records; 3.2.1.2 Identification of Global Bleaching Events; 3.2.2 Spatial Patterns in Bleaching Reports; 3.2.3 Trends in Bleaching Severity; 3.3 Great Barrier Reef; 3.3.1 Time Series; 3.3.2 Spatial Patterns; 3.4 Relationships Between Global Bleaching and El Niño Events; 3.5 Discussion; References; Chapter 4: Climate Variability and Change: Monitoring Data and Evidence for Increased Coral Bleaching Stress; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data for Understanding Heat Stress and Bleaching Patterns Worldwide4.2.1 Century-Length Global SST Reconstructions from Instrumental and Paleoclimatic Data; 4.2.2 Satellite Observations of SST and Heat Stress; 4.2.2.1 SST Anomaly; 4.2.2.2 HotSpot; 4.2.2.3 Degree Heating Week; 4.2.2.4 Bleaching Alert Area; 4.2.2.5 Reprocessed and Heritage Satellite Observations of SST; 4.2.2.6 Bleaching Prediction Using Climate Models; 4.2.2.7 Bleaching Weather: The Doldrums Product; 4.2.2.8 Additional Products; 4.3 Tropical SST Trends Since the Nineteenth Century
4.3.1 Tropical SST and Global Temperature Trends4.3.2 Regional Trends in Heat Stress; 4.3.3 Role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Other Large-Scale Patterns; 4.4 Local Environmental Variables; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Detecting and Monitoring Coral Bleaching Events; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Broad-Scale Approaches; 5.2.1 Remote Sensing of Bleaching Events; 5.2.2 Remote Sensing of Indicators of Bleaching Likelihood; 5.2.3 Summary of Remote-Sensing Tools; 5.3 Field-Based Observations; 5.3.1 Describing Bleaching; 5.3.2 Assessing Mortality; 5.3.3 Broader Patterns Across the Reef
5.3.4 Summary of In Situ Field Protocols to Document Coral Bleaching5.3.5 Colony Scale and Finer; 5.3.6 Temporal Context; 5.4 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Bleaching Resistance and the Role of Algal Endosymbionts; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Genetic Diversity of Symbiodinium; 6.3 Biogeographic Patterns in Symbiodinium Diversity: In Hospite and Ex Situ; 6.4 Physiological Differences Among Genetically Distinct Symbiodinium Types; 6.5 Shifts in Symbiont Communities as a Mechanism to Cope with Environmental Change
3.1.2 Bleaching Records from 1982 Onwards3.2 Global Patterns of Coral Bleaching; 3.2.1 Temporal Patterns; 3.2.1.1 Location Records; 3.2.1.2 Identification of Global Bleaching Events; 3.2.2 Spatial Patterns in Bleaching Reports; 3.2.3 Trends in Bleaching Severity; 3.3 Great Barrier Reef; 3.3.1 Time Series; 3.3.2 Spatial Patterns; 3.4 Relationships Between Global Bleaching and El Niño Events; 3.5 Discussion; References; Chapter 4: Climate Variability and Change: Monitoring Data and Evidence for Increased Coral Bleaching Stress; 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data for Understanding Heat Stress and Bleaching Patterns Worldwide4.2.1 Century-Length Global SST Reconstructions from Instrumental and Paleoclimatic Data; 4.2.2 Satellite Observations of SST and Heat Stress; 4.2.2.1 SST Anomaly; 4.2.2.2 HotSpot; 4.2.2.3 Degree Heating Week; 4.2.2.4 Bleaching Alert Area; 4.2.2.5 Reprocessed and Heritage Satellite Observations of SST; 4.2.2.6 Bleaching Prediction Using Climate Models; 4.2.2.7 Bleaching Weather: The Doldrums Product; 4.2.2.8 Additional Products; 4.3 Tropical SST Trends Since the Nineteenth Century
4.3.1 Tropical SST and Global Temperature Trends4.3.2 Regional Trends in Heat Stress; 4.3.3 Role of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Other Large-Scale Patterns; 4.4 Local Environmental Variables; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Detecting and Monitoring Coral Bleaching Events; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Broad-Scale Approaches; 5.2.1 Remote Sensing of Bleaching Events; 5.2.2 Remote Sensing of Indicators of Bleaching Likelihood; 5.2.3 Summary of Remote-Sensing Tools; 5.3 Field-Based Observations; 5.3.1 Describing Bleaching; 5.3.2 Assessing Mortality; 5.3.3 Broader Patterns Across the Reef
5.3.4 Summary of In Situ Field Protocols to Document Coral Bleaching5.3.5 Colony Scale and Finer; 5.3.6 Temporal Context; 5.4 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Bleaching Resistance and the Role of Algal Endosymbionts; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Genetic Diversity of Symbiodinium; 6.3 Biogeographic Patterns in Symbiodinium Diversity: In Hospite and Ex Situ; 6.4 Physiological Differences Among Genetically Distinct Symbiodinium Types; 6.5 Shifts in Symbiont Communities as a Mechanism to Cope with Environmental Change