Intro; Content Summary; Foreword 1; Foreword 2; Foreword 3; Preface to the English Edition; Contents; Contributors; Introduction of Chief Editor; The Main Academic Title; Scientific Research and Clinical Achievements; Novel Techniques; Student Training; 1: Overview of NOTES and NOSES for Colorectal Cancer; 1 Overview of NOTES; 1.1 The Development of NOTES; 1.2 Application and Classification of NOTES; 1.3 Experience Sharing of NOTES for Rectal Cancer; 1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of NOTES; 1.5 Training of Professional Physicians; 2 Overview of NOSES; 2.1 Definitions of NOSES

2.2 Classification of Abdominal Incision2.3 Classification of NOSES for Colorectal Neoplasms; 2.4 Clinical Development of NOSES; 2.5 Advantages and Limitations of NOSES; 2.6 Application of NOSES in Multiple Organ Resections; 2: Perioperative Preparation of NOSES for Colorectal Cancer; 1 Bowel Preparation; 2 Vaginal Preparation; 3 Treatment Principles of Concomitant Diseases; 3.1 Hypertension; 3.2 Diabetes; 3.3 Pulmonary Insufficiency; 3.4 Renal Insufficiency; 3.5 Liver Insufficiency; 3.6 Coronary Heart Disease; 4 Psychological Preparation

5 Indications and Contraindications of NOSES for Colorectal Cancer6 Aseptic and Non-touch Procedures of NOSES for Colorectal Cancer; 3: Laparoscopic Lower Rectal Cancer Resection with Transanal Specimen Extraction (NOSES IA and NOSES IB); 1 Indications and Contraindications; 1.1 Indications (Figs. 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3); 1.2 Contraindications; 2 Anesthesia, Patient Positioning, Trocar Positioning, and Surgical Team Positioning; 2.1 Anesthesia; 2.2 Patient Positioning; 2.3 Trocar Positioning; 2.4 Position of Surgeons; 2.5 Specific Instruments for NOSES IA

2.6 Specific Instruments for NOSES IB3 Operation Procedures and Skills; 3.1 Exploration and Surgical Planning; 3.2 Dissection and Detachment; 3.3 Specimen Extraction and Digestive Tract Reconstruction; 3.4 The Display of Abdominal Wall and Specimen (Figs. 3.63 and 3.64); 4 The Essentials Associated with Operation; 4.1 Redefinition of Rectal Segmentation Criteria as well as the Concept of Low, Ultra-Low Anastomosis for Rectal Resection; 4.2 "Vascular Bridge" Technique of Superior Rectal Artery in Low and Ultra-Low Anastomosis in Rectal Resection

4.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Performing Protective Stoma in Low and Ultra-Low Anastomosis Surgery4: Laparoscopic Mid-Rectal Cancer Resection with Transanal Specimen Extraction (NOSES II); 1 Indications and Contraindications; 1.1 Indications (Figs. 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3); 1.2 Contraindications; 2 Anesthesia, Patient Positioning, Trocar Positioning, and Surgical Team Positioning; 2.1 Anesthesia; 2.2 Patient Positioning; 2.3 Trocar Positioning; 2.4 Position of Surgeons; 2.5 Specific Instruments for NOSES II; 3 Operation Procedures and Skills