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Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Standard Model of Particle Physics; 1.1.1 Formulation and Structure of the Standard Model; 1.1.2 Symmetries in the Standard Model; 1.1.3 Radiative Corrections and Quantum Anomaly Cancellation; 1.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology and the Evolution of the Universe; 1.2.1 The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Metric; 1.2.2 The History of the Universe; 1.3 Mysteries to be Solved; 1.3.1 The Inflationary Mechanism; 1.3.2 The Origin of the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry; 1.3.3 Dark Matter
1.3.4 Neutrino Properties and the Cosmic Neutrino Background1.3.5 Gravitational Waves; 1.3.6 Hierarchy Problem in the Standard Model; 1.4 Cosmological Implications of Quantum Anomalies; References; 2 Scale Invariant Inflation; 2.1 The Inflationary Epoch; 2.2 Modelling the Inflationary Epoch; 2.3 Scale Invariance, Weyl Transformations, and Non-minimal Couplings; 2.4 Natural Inflation with Hidden Scale Invariance; 2.4.1 Description of the Model; 2.5 Quantum Corrected Potential in Curved Spacetime; 2.6 Observational Signatures and Model Predictions; 2.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects
4.1 The Reheating Epoch and Starobinsky Inflation4.1.1 Starobinsky Inflation; 4.2 Baryogenesis During Reheating via the Ratchet Mechanism; 4.2.1 The Ratchet Mechanism; 4.2.2 Description of the Model; 4.3 Analytical Evaluation; 4.3.1 Approximate Analytical Solution; 4.3.2 Phase Locked States; 4.4 The Generated Asymmetry Parameter; 4.4.1 Conversion to Standard Model Particles; 4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; 5 Gravitational Waves and the Cosmic Neutrino Background; 5.1 The Cosmic Neutrino Background; 5.2 Gravitational Waves and the Graviton Propagator
5.2.1 Linearised Gravitational Waves5.3 Graviton Polarisation Tensor in a Lepton Asymmetric C nu B; 5.4 Chern-Simons Modified Gravity and Observational Implications; 5.4.1 Birefringent Propagation through an Asymmetric CnuB; 5.5 Induced Ghost-Like Modes and Vacuum Decay; 5.5.1 Photon Energy Spectrum from Induced Vacuum Decay; 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; 6 Concluding Remarks and Outlook; References; A Baryon and Lepton Number Anomalies in the Standard Model; A.1 Baryon Number Anomalies; A.2 Lepton Number Anomalies; A.3 Mixed Gauged Baryon and Lepton Number Anomalies
1.3.4 Neutrino Properties and the Cosmic Neutrino Background1.3.5 Gravitational Waves; 1.3.6 Hierarchy Problem in the Standard Model; 1.4 Cosmological Implications of Quantum Anomalies; References; 2 Scale Invariant Inflation; 2.1 The Inflationary Epoch; 2.2 Modelling the Inflationary Epoch; 2.3 Scale Invariance, Weyl Transformations, and Non-minimal Couplings; 2.4 Natural Inflation with Hidden Scale Invariance; 2.4.1 Description of the Model; 2.5 Quantum Corrected Potential in Curved Spacetime; 2.6 Observational Signatures and Model Predictions; 2.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects
4.1 The Reheating Epoch and Starobinsky Inflation4.1.1 Starobinsky Inflation; 4.2 Baryogenesis During Reheating via the Ratchet Mechanism; 4.2.1 The Ratchet Mechanism; 4.2.2 Description of the Model; 4.3 Analytical Evaluation; 4.3.1 Approximate Analytical Solution; 4.3.2 Phase Locked States; 4.4 The Generated Asymmetry Parameter; 4.4.1 Conversion to Standard Model Particles; 4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; 5 Gravitational Waves and the Cosmic Neutrino Background; 5.1 The Cosmic Neutrino Background; 5.2 Gravitational Waves and the Graviton Propagator
5.2.1 Linearised Gravitational Waves5.3 Graviton Polarisation Tensor in a Lepton Asymmetric C nu B; 5.4 Chern-Simons Modified Gravity and Observational Implications; 5.4.1 Birefringent Propagation through an Asymmetric CnuB; 5.5 Induced Ghost-Like Modes and Vacuum Decay; 5.5.1 Photon Energy Spectrum from Induced Vacuum Decay; 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; 6 Concluding Remarks and Outlook; References; A Baryon and Lepton Number Anomalies in the Standard Model; A.1 Baryon Number Anomalies; A.2 Lepton Number Anomalies; A.3 Mixed Gauged Baryon and Lepton Number Anomalies