Intro; Preface; Contents; Biogeography; 1 Evolution and Biogeography of Seagrasses; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Fossils and Seagrasses; 1.2.1 Fossil Record of the Alismatales; 1.2.2 Alismataceae; 1.2.3 Aponogetonaceae; 1.2.4 Hydrocharitaceae; 1.2.5 Potamogetonaceae-Cymodoceaceae (Incl. Ruppiaceae); 1.2.6 'Seagrass' Fossils; 1.2.7 Foraminiferan Evidence; 1.2.8 Other Associative Evidence; 1.2.8.1 Gastropods; 1.2.8.2 Crustose Coralline Algae; 1.2.8.3 Sirenia; 1.3 Biogeography of Seagrasses; 1.3.1 The Present Distribution of Seagrasses; 1.3.2 Seagrass Distribution and Biogeographical Regions

1.4 New Zealand, Our Close Neighbour1.5 Conclusions; References; 2 Biogeography of Australian Seagrasses: NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and Temperate Queensland; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Habitat Descriptions; 2.3 Species Distributions; 2.3.1 Temperate Queensland (QLD); 2.3.1.1 Zostera muelleri; 2.3.1.2 Halophila spp.; 2.3.2 Halodule uninervis; 2.3.2.1 Syringodium isoetifolium; 2.3.2.2 Cymodocea spp.; 2.3.3 New South Wales (NSW); 2.3.3.1 Posidonia australis; 2.3.3.2 Zostera muelleri; 2.3.3.3 Halophila spp.; 2.3.4 Victoria (VIC); 2.3.4.1 Zostera spp.; 2.3.4.2 Zostera muelleri

2.3.4.3 Heterozostera nigricaulis2.3.4.4 Heterozostera tasmanica; 2.3.4.5 Amphibolis antarctica; 2.3.4.6 Halophila australis; 2.3.4.7 Posidonia australis; 2.3.5 Tasmania (TAS); 2.3.5.1 Amphibolis antarctica; 2.3.5.2 Halophila australis; 2.3.5.3 Heterozostera tasmanica/Heterozostera nigricaulis; 2.3.5.4 Posidonia australis; 2.3.5.5 Zostera muelleri; 2.4 Changes in Seagrass Distribution; 2.4.1 Decadal Fluctuations in Port Phillip Bay seagrass linked to rainfall (VIC); 2.4.2 Warming-Induced Seagrass Loss from Western Port Bay (VIC)

2.4.3 Impacts of Floods and Dredging on Queensland Seagrasses (QLD)2.4.4 Decline of Seagrasses in Urban Tasmania (TAS); 2.4.5 Decline of Seagrasses in Urban New South Wales (NSW); 2.5 Conclusions; References; 3 Seagrasses of Southern and South-Western Australia; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Forces Shaping Seagrasses and the Coastline over Geological Time; 3.3 Present Day Seagrass Habitats and Drivers; 3.4 Impacts on Seagrasses in this Region; 3.5 Emerging Threats and Management Issues; 3.6 Summary; References; Taxonomy and Anatomy; 4 Anatomy and Structure of Australian Seagrasses

Abstract4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Plant External Morphology (See also Table 4.1); 4.3 The Foliage Leaf; 4.4 Leaf Blade (See also Table 4.2); 4.5 Cuticle; 4.6 Epidermis; 4.7 Leaf Fibre Bundles; 4.8 Mesophyll and Air Lacunae; 4.9 Leaf Vascular System; 4.10 Leaf Sheath; 4.11 Stems (Erect Shoots) and Rhizomes; 4.12 Root; 4.13 Phyllosphere, Rhizosphere and Endophytes; 4.14 Reproduction: Flowers, Fruits, Seeds and Seedlings (See also Table 4.3); 4.15 Concluding and Recommendations for Future Studies; Acknowledgements; References; Molecular and Taxonomic Studies