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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; 1 Developing Crop Varieties with Improved Nutrient-Use Efficiency; Environmental Issues; Plant Assimilations; References; Molecular and Physiological Aspects of Nutrient Use Efficiency; 2 Improving Nitrogen Use Efficient in Crop Plants Using Biotechnology Approaches; Introduction; Measuring NUE; Genetic Attempts to Modify/Improve N Metabolism; N Metabolism Pathway Genes; Growth and Development Genes; Promoter Regulation of NUE Genes; Alanine Aminotransferase: A Case Study on the Road to Commercialization; Field Trials
Beyond NUE, Using Biotechnology to Engineer N-Fixing Crop PlantsConclusions; References; 3 Transcription Factor-Based Genetic Engineering to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Introduction; General Concept of Genetic Engineering of NUE Using TFs; An Attempt to Increase NUE Using the Dof1 TF; TFs that Could Be Utilized for Genetic Engineering to Improve NUE; TFs Involved in Modifying Root Architecture; TFs Involved in the Modulation of Nitrogen Uptake Activity; TFs Involved in Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation; TFs Involved in Nitrogen Remobilization
Precautions and the Challenges of TF-Based EngineeringConclusions and Future Perspectives; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Modeling Plant Metabolism: Advancements and Future Capabilities; Introduction; Genome-Scale Metabolic Models and Flux Balance Analysis; Platforms Available for Published Metabolic Models; Plant GSM Models; Applications of Plant GSM Models; Elucidating Metabolic Fluxes and Identifying Knowledge Gaps; Predicting the Effects of Environmental and Genetic Perturbations; Describing Metabolism Within Tissues or Organs; Incorporation of GSM Models with Nonlinear Models
Potential of Plant GSMs for Improving NUE in PlantsUtilizing Optimization Techniques to Aid Metabolic Engineering; Incorporating Various Modeling Frameworks to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Including Enzyme Synthesis Costs in GSM Models; Kinetic Models of Plants; References; 5 Molecular Targets for Improvement of Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Current and Emerging Options; Introduction; Molecular Aspects of N Response for NUE; Genes/QTLs Identified for NUE; Molecular Manipulation of Root System Architecture for NUE; N Transporters as Targets to Improve NUE
Components of N Sensing and Signaling as Targets to Improve NUEMolecular Targets Among the Genes of N Assimilation and Remobilization; Various Approaches to Identify More QTLs Associated with NUE; Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 6 From Arabidopsis to Crops: The Arabidopsis QQS Orphan Gene Modulates Nitrogen Allocation Across Species; Introduction; Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation; Identification of the QQS Orphan Gene and the Role of QQS in Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation; QQS and Orphan Genes; Materials and Methods; Plant Selection and Growth; RNA-Seq
Beyond NUE, Using Biotechnology to Engineer N-Fixing Crop PlantsConclusions; References; 3 Transcription Factor-Based Genetic Engineering to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Introduction; General Concept of Genetic Engineering of NUE Using TFs; An Attempt to Increase NUE Using the Dof1 TF; TFs that Could Be Utilized for Genetic Engineering to Improve NUE; TFs Involved in Modifying Root Architecture; TFs Involved in the Modulation of Nitrogen Uptake Activity; TFs Involved in Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation; TFs Involved in Nitrogen Remobilization
Precautions and the Challenges of TF-Based EngineeringConclusions and Future Perspectives; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Modeling Plant Metabolism: Advancements and Future Capabilities; Introduction; Genome-Scale Metabolic Models and Flux Balance Analysis; Platforms Available for Published Metabolic Models; Plant GSM Models; Applications of Plant GSM Models; Elucidating Metabolic Fluxes and Identifying Knowledge Gaps; Predicting the Effects of Environmental and Genetic Perturbations; Describing Metabolism Within Tissues or Organs; Incorporation of GSM Models with Nonlinear Models
Potential of Plant GSMs for Improving NUE in PlantsUtilizing Optimization Techniques to Aid Metabolic Engineering; Incorporating Various Modeling Frameworks to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Including Enzyme Synthesis Costs in GSM Models; Kinetic Models of Plants; References; 5 Molecular Targets for Improvement of Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Current and Emerging Options; Introduction; Molecular Aspects of N Response for NUE; Genes/QTLs Identified for NUE; Molecular Manipulation of Root System Architecture for NUE; N Transporters as Targets to Improve NUE
Components of N Sensing and Signaling as Targets to Improve NUEMolecular Targets Among the Genes of N Assimilation and Remobilization; Various Approaches to Identify More QTLs Associated with NUE; Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 6 From Arabidopsis to Crops: The Arabidopsis QQS Orphan Gene Modulates Nitrogen Allocation Across Species; Introduction; Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation; Identification of the QQS Orphan Gene and the Role of QQS in Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation; QQS and Orphan Genes; Materials and Methods; Plant Selection and Growth; RNA-Seq