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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; 1 Polymer Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Clay Materials; 3 Methods of Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites Synthesis; 4 Main Techniques Used for Characterization of Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites; 5 Beneficial Features of Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites; 5.1 Mechanical and Rheological Properties; 5.2 Swelling Properties; 5.3 Thermal Properties; 5.4 Optical Properties; 6 Applications of Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites; 6.1 Adsorption; 6.1.1 Dyes; 6.1.2 Inorganic Cations; 6.2 Drug Delivery; 6.3 Biomedicine; 6.3.1 Cell Culturing
6.3.2 Wound Healing6.4 Others; 6.4.1 Ceramic Materials; 6.4.2 Building Materials; 6.4.3 Agriculture and Horticulture; 6.4.4 Chemical Sensors; 6.4.5 Enhanced Oil Recovery; 7 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References; 2 An Overview on Polymer Gels Applied to Enzyme and Cell Immobilization; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Supports for Entrapment Techniques; 2.1 Natural Polymers; 2.1.1 Immobilization in Ionic Hydrogels; 2.1.2 Immobilization in Thermogels; 2.2 Synthetic Polymers; 3 Enzyme Immobilization in Polymer Gels; 3.1 Enzyme Immobilization Using Alginate; 3.2 Enzyme Immobilization Using Agar
3.3 Enzyme Immobilization Using Chitosan3.4 Enzyme Immobilization in Synthetic Polymers; 4 Immobilization of Whole Cells Using Polymer Gels Applied to Biocatalysis and Biotransformation; 4.1 Whole-Cell Immobilization Versus Enzyme Immobilization; 4.2 Applications of Whole-Cell Immobilization; 4.2.1 Biodiesel Production; 4.2.2 Enzyme Production; 4.2.3 Aroma Formation; 4.2.4 Bioremediation of Wastewater and Organophosphates, and Biosensors; 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; 3 Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels and Their Potential Application; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Hemicellulose
2.1 The Structure of Hemicellulose2.2 The Physical and Chemical Properties of Hemicellulose; 2.3 Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogles; 3 Preparation of Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels; 3.1 Chemically Cross-linking Hydrogel; 3.1.1 Monomers Cross-linking Copolymerization; 3.1.2 Graft Copolymerization; 3.1.3 Semi-full Interpenetrating Hydrogels; 3.2 Physically Cross-linking Hydrogel; 3.3 Classification of Smart Hydrogels; 3.3.1 Temperature-Responsive Hydrogels; 3.3.2 pH-Sensitive Hydrogels; 3.3.3 Photosensitive Sensitive Hydrogels; 3.3.4 Electric-Responsive Hydrogels; 3.3.5 Magnetic-Responsive Hydrogels
3.4 Characterization Methods of Hydrogels4 The Applications of Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels; 4.1 Adsorbent Materials; 4.2 Medical Materials; 4.3 Conduction Material; 5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Updates on Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: Synthesis Approaches and Features; Abstract; 1 Polymers as Smart Materials; 2 Polymers from Simple Networks to Smart Materials; 2.1 First-Generation Hydrogels; 2.2 Second-Generation Hydrogels; 2.3 Third-Generation Hydrogels; 2.4 Fourth-Generation Hydrogels; 2.4.1 Enzymatic-Sensitive Hydrogels; 2.4.2 Radical Polymerization-Based Hydrogels
6.3.2 Wound Healing6.4 Others; 6.4.1 Ceramic Materials; 6.4.2 Building Materials; 6.4.3 Agriculture and Horticulture; 6.4.4 Chemical Sensors; 6.4.5 Enhanced Oil Recovery; 7 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References; 2 An Overview on Polymer Gels Applied to Enzyme and Cell Immobilization; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Supports for Entrapment Techniques; 2.1 Natural Polymers; 2.1.1 Immobilization in Ionic Hydrogels; 2.1.2 Immobilization in Thermogels; 2.2 Synthetic Polymers; 3 Enzyme Immobilization in Polymer Gels; 3.1 Enzyme Immobilization Using Alginate; 3.2 Enzyme Immobilization Using Agar
3.3 Enzyme Immobilization Using Chitosan3.4 Enzyme Immobilization in Synthetic Polymers; 4 Immobilization of Whole Cells Using Polymer Gels Applied to Biocatalysis and Biotransformation; 4.1 Whole-Cell Immobilization Versus Enzyme Immobilization; 4.2 Applications of Whole-Cell Immobilization; 4.2.1 Biodiesel Production; 4.2.2 Enzyme Production; 4.2.3 Aroma Formation; 4.2.4 Bioremediation of Wastewater and Organophosphates, and Biosensors; 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; 3 Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels and Their Potential Application; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Hemicellulose
2.1 The Structure of Hemicellulose2.2 The Physical and Chemical Properties of Hemicellulose; 2.3 Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogles; 3 Preparation of Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels; 3.1 Chemically Cross-linking Hydrogel; 3.1.1 Monomers Cross-linking Copolymerization; 3.1.2 Graft Copolymerization; 3.1.3 Semi-full Interpenetrating Hydrogels; 3.2 Physically Cross-linking Hydrogel; 3.3 Classification of Smart Hydrogels; 3.3.1 Temperature-Responsive Hydrogels; 3.3.2 pH-Sensitive Hydrogels; 3.3.3 Photosensitive Sensitive Hydrogels; 3.3.4 Electric-Responsive Hydrogels; 3.3.5 Magnetic-Responsive Hydrogels
3.4 Characterization Methods of Hydrogels4 The Applications of Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels; 4.1 Adsorbent Materials; 4.2 Medical Materials; 4.3 Conduction Material; 5 Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; 4 Updates on Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: Synthesis Approaches and Features; Abstract; 1 Polymers as Smart Materials; 2 Polymers from Simple Networks to Smart Materials; 2.1 First-Generation Hydrogels; 2.2 Second-Generation Hydrogels; 2.3 Third-Generation Hydrogels; 2.4 Fourth-Generation Hydrogels; 2.4.1 Enzymatic-Sensitive Hydrogels; 2.4.2 Radical Polymerization-Based Hydrogels