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Intro; Preface; Abstract; Contents; Part I: Gametes, Maturation, Fertilization and Modes of Reproduction; Chapter 1: Marine Nemertean Worms for Studies of Oocyte Maturation and Aging; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Methods; 1.2.1 Collection Procedures; 1.2.2 Maintaining Adult Specimens in the Laboratory; 1.2.3 Obtaining Gametes and Generating Cultures of Embryos; 1.2.4 General Cell Biological Applications; 1.3 Results and Discussion; 1.3.1 Using Nemertean Oocytes in Analyses of Maturation and Aging Processes; 1.3.2 AMP Kinase (AMPK) Deactivation During Oocyte Maturation
1.3.3 c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Activation During Oocyte Degradation1.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Sperm Nuclear Basic Proteins of Marine Invertebrates; 2.1 Diversity of Sperm Nuclear Basic Proteins (SNBPs); 2.2 Evolutionary Origin of SNBPs; 2.3 SNBPs in Marine Invertebrates; 2.3.1 P-Type and PL-Type SNBPs Contribute to Sperm Chromatin Compaction and Often Replace Somatic Histones Entirely During Spe...; 2.3.2 Porifera, Ctenophora and Crustacea Exclusively Use Somatic Histones to Pack Sperm DNA
2.3.3 Echinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata) and Hydrozoa (Phylum Cnidaria) Lack SNBPs but Evolved Novel Nucleosomal Histone Varian...2.4 Conclusion, Discussion and Outstanding Questions; References; Chapter 3: Fertilization in Starfish and Sea Urchin: Roles of Actin; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Actin in Sperm Acrosome Reaction; 3.3 Actin in Oocyte Maturation; 3.4 Actin in Fertilized Eggs; 3.5 Modulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling by the Actin Cytoskeleton; 3.6 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 4: Starfish as a Model System for Analyzing Signal Transduction During Fertilization
4.1 Introduction4.2 Understanding the Regulation of Meiosis at the Cellular Level; 4.2.1 Future Contributions of the Starfish; 4.2.2 Signaling at Cell Surface; 4.2.3 Moving Inside the Egg During Fertilization; 4.2.4 Understanding Calcium Signaling; 4.2.5 Microinjection of the Live Oocyte and Egg; 4.3 Genomics in the Starfish (the Exciting Future!); 4.3.1 Validation of the Existing Starfish Transcriptome Data; 4.3.2 Finding Novel Signaling Genes and Their RNA; 4.3.3 Applying CRISPR Technology to Studying Signaling in the Starfish; 4.4 Connections to Human Health; References
Chapter 5: Toward Multiscale Modeling of Molecular and Biochemical Events Occurring at Fertilization Time in Sea Urchins5.1 Introduction; 5.2 From Ca2+ Signaling Pathway to Sperm Navigation; 5.3 From Ca2+ Wave to Fertilization Envelope Elevation; 5.4 From Translation Regulation to the First Mitotic Division Following Fertilization; 5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives; References; Chapter 6: Monosex in Aquaculture; 6.1 What Is Monosex?; 6.2 Why Monosex?; 6.3 How to Generate Monosex?; 6.4 Sex Determination and Sexual Differentiation; 6.4.1 Sex Determination: Heterogamecy
1.3.3 c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Activation During Oocyte Degradation1.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Sperm Nuclear Basic Proteins of Marine Invertebrates; 2.1 Diversity of Sperm Nuclear Basic Proteins (SNBPs); 2.2 Evolutionary Origin of SNBPs; 2.3 SNBPs in Marine Invertebrates; 2.3.1 P-Type and PL-Type SNBPs Contribute to Sperm Chromatin Compaction and Often Replace Somatic Histones Entirely During Spe...; 2.3.2 Porifera, Ctenophora and Crustacea Exclusively Use Somatic Histones to Pack Sperm DNA
2.3.3 Echinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata) and Hydrozoa (Phylum Cnidaria) Lack SNBPs but Evolved Novel Nucleosomal Histone Varian...2.4 Conclusion, Discussion and Outstanding Questions; References; Chapter 3: Fertilization in Starfish and Sea Urchin: Roles of Actin; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Actin in Sperm Acrosome Reaction; 3.3 Actin in Oocyte Maturation; 3.4 Actin in Fertilized Eggs; 3.5 Modulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling by the Actin Cytoskeleton; 3.6 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 4: Starfish as a Model System for Analyzing Signal Transduction During Fertilization
4.1 Introduction4.2 Understanding the Regulation of Meiosis at the Cellular Level; 4.2.1 Future Contributions of the Starfish; 4.2.2 Signaling at Cell Surface; 4.2.3 Moving Inside the Egg During Fertilization; 4.2.4 Understanding Calcium Signaling; 4.2.5 Microinjection of the Live Oocyte and Egg; 4.3 Genomics in the Starfish (the Exciting Future!); 4.3.1 Validation of the Existing Starfish Transcriptome Data; 4.3.2 Finding Novel Signaling Genes and Their RNA; 4.3.3 Applying CRISPR Technology to Studying Signaling in the Starfish; 4.4 Connections to Human Health; References
Chapter 5: Toward Multiscale Modeling of Molecular and Biochemical Events Occurring at Fertilization Time in Sea Urchins5.1 Introduction; 5.2 From Ca2+ Signaling Pathway to Sperm Navigation; 5.3 From Ca2+ Wave to Fertilization Envelope Elevation; 5.4 From Translation Regulation to the First Mitotic Division Following Fertilization; 5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives; References; Chapter 6: Monosex in Aquaculture; 6.1 What Is Monosex?; 6.2 Why Monosex?; 6.3 How to Generate Monosex?; 6.4 Sex Determination and Sexual Differentiation; 6.4.1 Sex Determination: Heterogamecy