Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; 1 Physicomechanical Properties and Utilization of Hydrogels Prepared by Physical and Physicochemical Crosslinking; 1 Introduction; 2 Physical and Physicochemical Crosslinking Methods Used for Hydrogels; 2.1 Freeze-Thaw Cycling; 2.2 Heat Treatment; 2.3 Ionic Interactions; 2.4 Hydrophobic Interactions; 2.5 Hydrogen Bonding Interactions; 2.6 Self-assembly Stereocomplexation; 2.7 Other Non-covalent Interactions; 3 Mechanical Stability of Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels; 3.1 Dependence of Creep Behavior of Hydrogels on Equilibrium Water Content

3.2 Dependence of Creep Behavior of Hydrogels on a Crosslinking Density3.2.1 Effect of Hydrophilic Nanofiller on Mechanical Properties of PVA Hydrogels; 3.2.2 Effect of an Addition of PVA on Mechanical Properties of Hydrogels Based on Polyanionic Polysaccharides; 4 Conclusion and Future Perspective; References; 2 Polymer Gels: Molecular Design and Practical Application; 1 Introduction; 2 Thermoresponsive Polymers; 2.1 UCST and LCST Behavior; 2.2 Thermoresponsive Polymer Systems; 2.2.1 Poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s; 2.2.2 Poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) [PNVLC]; 2.2.3 Application

2.3 Poly(N-ethyl oxazoline) [PEtOx]2.3.1 Application; 3 Smart Polymer Gels; 3.1 Some Types of Smart Polymers; 3.1.1 Light-Sensitive Smart Polymers; 3.1.2 Application; 3.1.3 Glucose-Sensitive Polymer Gel; 4 Considerations; References; 3 Clinical Use and Hemostatic Application of Gelatin; 1 Background; 2 Pharmacodynamics Properties; 2.1 Mechanism of Actions; 2.2 Mechanism Properties of Fibrin Coat; 2.3 Hemostatic Effects; 2.4 Other Effects; 2.5 Animal Model; 3 Pharmacokinetic Properties; 4 Therapeutic Efficacy; 4.1 Neurosurgery; 4.2 Spine Surgery; 4.3 Cardiovascular Surgery; 4.4 General Surgery

4.4.1 Liver4.4.2 Thyroid; 4.4.3 Trauma Surgery; 4.5 Orthopedic Surgery; 4.6 Otolaryngology; 4.7 Urology and Andrology; 4.8 Gynecological and Obstetrics Surgery; 4.9 Ophthalmology; 5 Tolerability and Complications; 6 Dosage and Somministration; 7 Conclusions: Place of Fibrin Sealant in the Management of Hemostasis in Surgery; 8 Conflict of Interest; References; 4 Polysaccharide-Based Polymer Gels and Their Potential Applications; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Polymer Gel Definition; 1.2 General Features; 1.3 Mechanism of Gel Formation; 2 Hydrogels; 2.1 Alginate; 2.1.1 General Features

2.1.2 Alginate Hydrogel FormationReversible Hydrogel of Alginate; Irreversible Hydrogel of Alginate; 2.2 Chitosan; 2.2.1 General Features; 2.2.2 Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Formation; Reversible Hydrogel of Chitosan; Irreversible Hydrogel of Chitosan; 2.3 Cellulose; 2.3.1 General Features; 2.3.2 Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Formation; 2.3.3 Reversible Hydrogel Based on Cellulose; Irreversible Cellulose-Based Hydrogel; 2.4 Hyaluronic Acid; 2.4.1 General Features; 2.4.2 Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Formation; 2.4.3 Reversible Hydrogel of Hyaluronic Acid; Irreversible Hydrogel of Hyaluronic Acid; 2.5 Starch