Intelligent transport system in smart cities : aspects and challenges of vehicular networks and cloud / Rodolfo I. Meneguette, Robson E. De Grande, Antonio A.F. Loureiro.

Intro; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Intelligent Transportation Systems; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Intelligent Transportation System Concepts; 1.2.1 ITS Integration with Smart Cities; 1.2.2 Architecture; 1.2.2.1 North American ITS Architecture; 1.2.2.2 Canadian ITS Architecture; 1.2.2.3 European ITS Architecture; 1.2.2.4 Challenges in ITS Architectures; 1.2.3 ITS Applications; 1.2.4 Security and Privacy in an ITS; 1.3 Final Discussion; References; 2 Vehicular Networks; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Smart Vehicle; 2.3 Vehicular Networks; 2.3.1 Characteristics of a Vehicular Network; 2.3.2 VANET Applications

2.3.3 Involved Technologies2.3.3.1 Physical Layer; 2.3.3.2 Network Layer; 2.3.3.3 Transport Layer; 2.4 Final Discussion; References; 3 Autonomous Vehicles; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Intelligent Vehicle; 3.2.1 Embedded Mechatronics Systems; 3.2.2 Sensing; 3.3 Control; 3.3.1 Architecture; 3.3.2 Subsystem; 3.4 Trajectory Planning; 3.5 Computer Vision; 3.5.1 Track Output Detection; 3.5.2 Obstacle Detection; 3.5.3 Detection and Recognition of Traffic Signals; 3.5.4 Visual Navigation; 3.6 Final Discussion; References; 4 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication; 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication Concepts4.2.1 Mobility Management; 4.2.1.1 Handoff; 4.2.1.2 Proxy Mobile IPv6; 4.2.1.3 IEEE 802.21; 4.2.1.4 Proxy Mobile IP with IEEE 802.21 and Other Strategies; 4.2.1.5 Discussion and Challenges Encountered; 4.2.2 Software-Defined Networking; 4.2.2.1 Software-Defined Networking with Vehicular Network; 4.2.2.2 An Overview of Smart City Architecture Based on SDN Elements; 4.2.2.3 SDN as Manager of Vehicles Communication; 4.2.2.4 Discussions and Challenges Encountered; 4.3 Final Discussion; References; 5 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

5.1 Introduction5.2 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Concepts; 5.2.1 Technique for Dealing with Network Disconnection; 5.2.2 Technique for Dealing with a Broadcast Storm; 5.3 Routing and Data Dissemination Protocols; 5.3.1 Ad Hoc Routing; 5.3.2 Geographic Positioning Protocol; 5.3.3 Cluster Protocol; 5.3.4 Broadcast Protocol; 5.3.5 Multicast Protocol; 5.3.6 Geocast Protocol; 5.4 Discussions and Challenges Encountered; 5.5 Final Discussion; References; 6 Vehicular Cloud; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Vehicular Cloud Concepts; 6.2.1 Cloud Formation and Services; 6.2.2 Virtual Machine Migration

6.2.3 Job Assignment in VCs6.3 Resource Management in Vehicular Clouds; 6.3.1 Resource Management by Infrastructure; 6.3.1.1 Integer Linear Programming; 6.3.1.2 Semi-Markov Decision Process; 6.3.1.3 Game Theory; 6.3.1.4 Communication Layers; 6.3.1.5 Discussions and Challenges Encountered; 6.3.2 Resource Management by Vehicles; 6.3.2.1 Bayesian Coalition Game; 6.3.2.2 Semi-Markov Decision Process; 6.3.2.3 Discussions and Challenges; 6.4 Service Discovery in a Vehicular Cloud; 6.4.1 RSU as Resource Discovery Manager; 6.4.1.1 Data Dissemination; 6.4.1.2 Clustering