Intro; Foreword; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; 1: Leishmaniasis: The Biology of a Parasite; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Epidemiology; 1.3 Transmission; 1.4 The Life Cycle of Leishmania; 1.5 Biology and Plasticity of the Parasite; 1.6 Communication in Leishmania; 1.7 Pathogenesis; 1.8 Control and Surveillance; 1.9 Medicaments in Use; 1.10 Therapeutic Failure; 1.11 Concluding Remarks and Future Trends; References; Part I: Determinant Features in Leishmaniasis; 2: Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny of Leishmania; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Molecular Methods for Leishmania Phylogenetics, Identification, and Population Genetics2.2.1 Molecular Methods for Studying Leishmania Phylogeny; 2.2.2 Molecular Methods for Population Genetic Studies in Leishmania; 2.2.3 Next-Generation Sequencing Used for Interspecific and Intraspecific Differentiation in Leishmania; 2.2.4 The Importance of Sampling for Phylogenetic and Population Genetic Studies; 2.3 Molecular Evolution and Origin of the Genus Leishmania; 2.3.1 Molecular Phylogeny of Kinetoplastids; 2.3.2 Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Leishmania

2.3.3 Molecular Taxonomy of LeishmaniaBox 2.1 Revised classification and nomenclature of Leishmaniinae species based on molecular phylogenies of the organisms [102,...; 2.4 Intraspecific Differentiation in Leishmania; 2.4.1 Multilocus Microsatellite Typing (MLMT); 2.4.2 Whole-Genome Sequencing; 2.5 Origin of Leishmania Parasites; References; 3: The Role of Reservoirs: Canine Leishmaniasis; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Epidemiology of Canine Leishmaniasis; 3.2.1 Canine Leishmaniasis in Endemic Regions; 3.2.2 Canine Leishmaniasis in Non-endemic Regions; 3.2.3 Transmission of Leishmaniasis

3.2.4 Infectiousness of Symptomatic Versus Asymptomatic Dogs3.2.5 Genetic Factors Related with Susceptibility/Resistance to Disease; 3.2.6 Risks Factors: Breed, Age, Gender, and Lifestyle of Dogs; 3.2.7 Other Potential Reservoir Hosts of Leishmania (L.) donovani Complex; 3.2.8 Dog as a Reservoir or Accidental Host for Leishmania spp. (Other than L. (L.) infantum); 3.3 Canine Disease; 3.3.1 Clinical Signs and Pathological Parameters; 3.3.2 Diagnosis; 3.3.3 Treatment and Drug Resistance; 3.3.4 Prevention and Control Measures; 3.4 Conclusions; 3.5 Future Trends; References

4: Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis in the Time of Drug Resistance (the Miltefosine Era)4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Epidemiology of Miltefosine Resistance and Treatment Outcome; 4.3 Transmission Patterns; 4.4 Human-Made and Environmental Changes; 4.5 Epidemiology and Immune Status; 4.6 Tools for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Context of Treatment Failure and Drug Resistance; 4.7 Conclusions and General Recommendations; References; 5: The Role of the Immune System in Resistance to Infection; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; 5.2.1 Innate Immune Responses; 5.2.1.1 Macrophages