Intro; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Vegetable Souls?; Goals for the Book; Recurrent Themes; Composition; Causal Processes; Activity and Agency; Individuality; Purpose; Platonic and Aristotelian Approaches; References; Part I Birth; Chapter 2 Greek Life: Psyche and Early Life-Concepts; Shades of Homer; Life Before Plato; Returning from the Dead; Common Life; Multiple Souls; The Stuff of Life; Soul Particles; Cosmic Soul; References; Chapter 3 Strangely Moved: Appetitive Souls in Plato; Forms and Particulars; Lasting Souls; Ruling Souls; A Continuum of Souls; Achieving Harmony; World Order

Part II DevelopmentChapter 7 The Breath of Life: Nephesh in Hebrew Scriptures; Hellenistic and Hebrew Thought; Hebrew Scriptures; A Second Life; Philo of Alexandria; References; Chapter 8 Life After Life: Spiritual Life in Christianity; A Note on Interpretation; Two Lives, Two Deaths; Spirit Versus Flesh?; Two Deaths; Two Births; Christian Identity; Tertullian; Origen; References; Chapter 9 Invisible Seeds: Life-Concepts in Augustine; The Dual Creation; Biology; The Hierarchy of Life; The Inner Person; The Rational Animal; The Will; Two Deaths, Two Resurrections; References

Chapter 10 Aristotle Returns: A Second Medieval SynthesisAristotle Reinterpreted; The Falsafah; Ibn Sînâ; Al-Ghazâlî; Ibn Rushd; Maimonides; References; Chapter 11 Life Divided: Vegetable Life in Aquinas; Albert the Great; Thomas Aquinas; Hierarchical Creation; Multiple Births; Will and Intellect; Resurrection; Hierarchy; References; Part III Death; Chapter 12 Mechanism Displaces the Soul; William of Ockham; The Protestant Reformation; The Mechanical Philosophy; The Machine Metaphor; Ontological Elimination; Etiological Reduction; Pierre Gassendi; René Descartes; Cartesian Biology

Life in SpaceReferences; Chapter 13 Divided Hopes: Physics Versus Metaphysics; How to Study Life; Bacon-Physics and Metaphysics; Leibniz-Matter and Monads; Kant-Phenomena and Noumena; Design Arguments; Irreconcilable Differences; Idealists; David Hume; The Iatromechanists; Reducible Life; Irreducible Life; References; Chapter 14 Ghosts in the Machine: Vitalism; The Animists; The Iatrochemists; The (Iatro)Vitalists; Vital Forces and Fluids; German Idealism; Georg Hegel; Friedrich Nietzsche; The Two Natures; Emergence; References; Chapter 15 The Same and Different: Early Theories of Evolution