Intro; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; General Aspects of Maritime Interception Operations; 1 Introduction: Maritime Interception and the Law of Naval Operations; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Purpose of the Study; 1.2.1 Naval Operations and International Peace and Security; 1.2.2 Operations Outside the Territorial Sovereignty of a State; 1.2.3 Contemporary Naval Operations; 1.3 What Are Maritime Interception Operations?; 1.4 Maritime Interception Operations and the Right of Visit; 1.5 Structure; References; 2 Some Introductory Remarks on Naval Operations; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Evolution of the Role of Naval Forces2.3 Maritime Geography; 2.4 Some Operational Points on MIO; 2.4.1 Maritime Coalition Operations; 2.4.2 Boarding Operations; 2.4.3 Maritime Rules of Engagement; References; 3 A Short History of Maritime Interception Operations; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Strand 1: Enforcing UN Sanctions at Sea; 3.2.1 Iraq (1990-2003); 3.2.2 The Former Yugoslavia (1992-1996); 3.2.3 Haiti (1993-1996); 3.2.4 Sierra Leone (1997-2010); 3.2.5 Lebanon (2006-Present); 3.2.6 Libya (2011-Present); 3.3 Strand 2: The September 11 Attacks; 3.3.1 Operation Enduring Freedom

3.3.2 Operation Active Endeavour3.3.3 Operation Iraqi Freedom; 3.3.4 Multiple MIO; 3.4 Strand 3: Enhancing Maritime Security; 3.4.1 Expanded MIO and Maritime Security Operations (MSO); 3.4.2 Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI); 3.4.3 Updating International Agreements: The SUA Protocol 2005; 3.5 Strand 4: Piracy; 3.5.1 Counter-Piracy Operations; 3.6 The Israeli Interception Operations; 3.7 Final Remarks; References; 4 The Right for Warships to Intervene on Foreign-Flagged Vessels on the High Seas; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Fundamental Principles of the Law of the Sea

4.3 Limited Exceptions to Non-Interference4.4 Principles of the Law of the Sea Versus Maritime Security; References; Legal Basis for Maritime Interception Operations; 5 The UN Collective Security System and Maritime Interception Operations; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The UN Collective Security System; 5.3 Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.3.1 Two Types of Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.3.1.1 Implied Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.3.1.2 Legal Basis for Implied Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.3.2 Explicit Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.4 Between Implied and Explicit; 5.4.1 Lebanon; 5.4.2 Iran

5.4.3 Libya5.5 Legal Basis for Explicit Maritime Embargo Operations: Article 41 or 42?; 5.5.1 The Evolving Scope of Article 42; 5.5.2 Large-Scale Military Operations; 5.5.3 Article 43 UN Charter; 5.5.4 Inadequate Measures Under Article 41; 5.6 Article 41 and the Use of Force; 5.7 Sub-Conclusion Maritime Embargo Operations; 5.8 UN-Mandated Interception Operations Under 'All Necessary Means'; 5.8.1 All Necessary Means; 5.9 Specific Measures; 5.9.1 "Article 42" Blockade; 5.9.2 Piracy; 5.9.3 Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism; 5.9.4 Crude Oil Export: Libya 2014; 5.10 Conclusions