Contradictions within the movement, by V. Valentin.
The hostility of Europe, by E. Marcks.
The personality of Frederick William IV, by R. Stadelmann.
Lack of unity among disaffected classes, by F. Meinecke.
Man of blood and iron, by R. Saitschick.
Great national hero, by A. O. Meyer.
Responsible statesman, by H. Rothfels.
Champion of monarchy and aristocracy, by H. Holborn.
Napoleon: France's drive toward the Rhine, by H. Oncken.
Bismarck: a trap set for Napoleon, by E. Eyck.
Conflicting diplomatic offensives, by J. Dittrich.
Frankfurt, 1848: start of Germany's bid for world power, by L. Namier.
Federalism preferable to a national state, by F. Schnabel.
National state more realistic than federalism, by G. Ritter.
Königgrätz, 1866: defeat of liberalism and universalism, by H. Michaelis.
Free trade, 1865; Prussia's success due to economic strength, by H. Böhme.
Suggestions of additional reading (p. 120).