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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 What Does This Book Cover?; 1.2 The Diversity of Life; 1.2.1 Foraging Interactions; 1.3 What Is Foraging?; 1.4 Choice of Foraging Strategy; 1.5 Payoffs of Foraging Strategies; 1.6 Alternative Approaches to Foraging; 1.7 Structure of Book; Part I Perspectives on Foraging; 2 Formal Models of Foraging; 2.1 Optimal Foraging Theory; 2.1.1 Operationalising OFT; Currency; Constraints; Decision Variables; 2.1.2 Strands of OFT Literature; Optimal Diet Model; Patch Selection Theory; 2.1.3 Critiques of OFT; 2.2 Ideal Free Distribution
2.3 Foraging as a Game2.3.1 Hawk-Dove Game; 2.3.2 Producer-Scrounger Game; 2.4 Predator-Prey Models; Lotka-Volterra Predator-PreyModel; 2.5 Movement Ecology; 2.5.1 Random Walk Models of Foraging Movement; 2.5.2 Lévy Flight Foraging Hypothesis; 2.5.3 Free Range and Home Range Behaviour; Territoriality; 2.5.4 Navigation; Importance of Navigation; Common Navigation Strategies; Long-Distance Navigation; 2.6 Networks; 2.6.1 Applications of Network Models; 2.6.2 Biological Networks and Algorithmic Design; 2.7 Summary; 3 Sensory Modalities; 3.1 An Internal Model of Foraging; 3.2 The Perceptual World
3.3 Sensory Modes3.3.1 Vision; The Visual System in Humans and Others; Uses of Visual Systems; 3.3.2 Hearing; Hearing in Humans; Other HearingMechanisms; Sound as an Active Sensory System; 3.3.3 Chemoreception; Pheromones and Allelochemicals; Chemical Trail Marking; Advantages and Drawbacks of Chemical Signals; 3.3.4 Touch; Hydrodynamic Sensing; Speed of Response; 3.3.5 Electroreception; 3.3.6 Magnetoreception; Magnetoreception and Bird Migration; Mechanisms forMagnetoreception; 3.3.7 Multisensory Capabilities; 3.4 Cost of Sensory Capabilities; Temporal Resolution of Sensory Information
The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis3.5 Summary; 4 Individual and Social Learning; 4.1 Learning; 4.1.1 Memory; 4.1.2 Predictive Modelling; Associative and Nonassociative Learning; PredictiveModelling and Algorithmic Design; 4.2 Social Learning; Characterising Social Learning; Social Learning Mechanisms; Teaching; 4.2.1 Is Social Learning Always Useful?; Rogers' Paradox; 4.2.2 Social Learning Strategies; 4.2.3 Social Learning Strategies and Optimisation Algorithms; What Does Social Learning Mean in Foraging Inspired Optimisation Algorithms?; 4.3 Optimal Level of Learning; Cost of Learning
The Tradeoff4.4 Social Foraging; 4.4.1 Why Would Social Foraging Arise?; Social Recognition; 4.4.2 Aggregation and Dispersion Economies; 4.4.3 Influence of Social Setting on Individual Behaviour; 4.5 Communicating Information About Resources; Intentional and Unintentional Communication; How Is Information Communicated to Fellow Foragers?; 4.6 Summary; Part II Foraging-Inspired Algorithms for Optimisation; 5 Introduction to Foraging-Inspired Algorithms; 5.1 Characterising an Optimisation Problem; Continuous Optimisation; Constrained Optimisation; Multiobjective Optimisation
2.3 Foraging as a Game2.3.1 Hawk-Dove Game; 2.3.2 Producer-Scrounger Game; 2.4 Predator-Prey Models; Lotka-Volterra Predator-PreyModel; 2.5 Movement Ecology; 2.5.1 Random Walk Models of Foraging Movement; 2.5.2 Lévy Flight Foraging Hypothesis; 2.5.3 Free Range and Home Range Behaviour; Territoriality; 2.5.4 Navigation; Importance of Navigation; Common Navigation Strategies; Long-Distance Navigation; 2.6 Networks; 2.6.1 Applications of Network Models; 2.6.2 Biological Networks and Algorithmic Design; 2.7 Summary; 3 Sensory Modalities; 3.1 An Internal Model of Foraging; 3.2 The Perceptual World
3.3 Sensory Modes3.3.1 Vision; The Visual System in Humans and Others; Uses of Visual Systems; 3.3.2 Hearing; Hearing in Humans; Other HearingMechanisms; Sound as an Active Sensory System; 3.3.3 Chemoreception; Pheromones and Allelochemicals; Chemical Trail Marking; Advantages and Drawbacks of Chemical Signals; 3.3.4 Touch; Hydrodynamic Sensing; Speed of Response; 3.3.5 Electroreception; 3.3.6 Magnetoreception; Magnetoreception and Bird Migration; Mechanisms forMagnetoreception; 3.3.7 Multisensory Capabilities; 3.4 Cost of Sensory Capabilities; Temporal Resolution of Sensory Information
The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis3.5 Summary; 4 Individual and Social Learning; 4.1 Learning; 4.1.1 Memory; 4.1.2 Predictive Modelling; Associative and Nonassociative Learning; PredictiveModelling and Algorithmic Design; 4.2 Social Learning; Characterising Social Learning; Social Learning Mechanisms; Teaching; 4.2.1 Is Social Learning Always Useful?; Rogers' Paradox; 4.2.2 Social Learning Strategies; 4.2.3 Social Learning Strategies and Optimisation Algorithms; What Does Social Learning Mean in Foraging Inspired Optimisation Algorithms?; 4.3 Optimal Level of Learning; Cost of Learning
The Tradeoff4.4 Social Foraging; 4.4.1 Why Would Social Foraging Arise?; Social Recognition; 4.4.2 Aggregation and Dispersion Economies; 4.4.3 Influence of Social Setting on Individual Behaviour; 4.5 Communicating Information About Resources; Intentional and Unintentional Communication; How Is Information Communicated to Fellow Foragers?; 4.6 Summary; Part II Foraging-Inspired Algorithms for Optimisation; 5 Introduction to Foraging-Inspired Algorithms; 5.1 Characterising an Optimisation Problem; Continuous Optimisation; Constrained Optimisation; Multiobjective Optimisation