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Intro; Contents; About the Authors; Chapter 1: Introduction: Low-Temperature Fuel Cells; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Electrocatalytic Reactions in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs); 1.2.1 H2/O2 AEMFCs; 1.2.2 Direct Methanol AEMFCs (DM-AEMFCs); 1.2.3 Direct Ethanol AEMFCs (DE-AEMFCs); 1.2.4 Direct Ethylene Glycol AEMFCs (DEG-AEMFCs); 1.2.5 Direct Glycerol AEMFCs (DG-AEMFCs); 1.2.6 AEMFCs Operating with Other Fuels; 1.3 Performance of Several Types of Nanostructured Anodes and Cathodes in AEMFCs; 1.4 Advances in Membranes for PEM and AEM Fuel Cells; 1.4.1 Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs)
1.4.2 Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs)1.5 Electrocatalytic Reactions in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells; 1.5.1 Reactions of Fuel at the Anode of PEMFCs; 1.5.1.1 Case of H2; 1.5.1.2 Case of CH3OH; 1.5.1.3 Case of CH3CH2OH; 1.5.1.4 Reaction at the Cathode: Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR); 1.6 Performance of New Class of Electrode Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells; 1.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Recent Advances on Electrocatalysts for PEM and AEM Fuel Cells; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
2.2.1 Electrode Materials for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Acidic Media2.2.1.1 Pt-Based Alloys; 2.2.1.2 Pt-Metal Oxide; 2.2.1.3 Core-Shell Architectures; 2.2.1.4 Pt/Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides; 2.3 Oxygen Reduction Reaction; 2.3.1 Introduction and Reaction Mechanism; 2.3.2 Strategies to Improve the Platinum Performance for the ORR; 2.3.2.1 Morphological Effects on Platinum Electrocatalysts; 2.3.2.2 Alloying; Pt-Late Transition Metal Alloys; Pt-Early Transition Metal and Lanthanide Alloys; 2.3.2.3 Core-Shell Structures; 2.3.3 Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts
2.3.3.1 Palladium and Palladium-Alloy Catalysts2.3.4 Stability Issues; 2.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Electrocatalysis of Alternative Liquid Fuels for PEM Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC); 3.2.1 Methanol Crossover; 3.2.2 Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR); 3.2.3 Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction; 3.2.4 Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC); 3.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell; 3.3.1 Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR); 3.3.2 Ethanol Crossover; 3.3.3 Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR)
3.3.4 Performance of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC)3.4 Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell (DEGFC); 3.4.1 Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction; 3.4.2 Catalyst for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction (EGOR); 3.4.3 Performance of Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell (DEGFC); 3.5 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell; 3.5.1 Reaction Mechanism; 3.5.2 Catalyst for Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation; 3.5.3 Cell Configuration and Performance; 3.6 Direct Glycerol Fuel Cell (DGEFC); 3.7 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 4: Overview of Direct Liquid Oxidation Fuel Cells and its Application as Micro-Fuel Cells
1.4.2 Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs)1.5 Electrocatalytic Reactions in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells; 1.5.1 Reactions of Fuel at the Anode of PEMFCs; 1.5.1.1 Case of H2; 1.5.1.2 Case of CH3OH; 1.5.1.3 Case of CH3CH2OH; 1.5.1.4 Reaction at the Cathode: Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR); 1.6 Performance of New Class of Electrode Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells; 1.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Recent Advances on Electrocatalysts for PEM and AEM Fuel Cells; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
2.2.1 Electrode Materials for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Acidic Media2.2.1.1 Pt-Based Alloys; 2.2.1.2 Pt-Metal Oxide; 2.2.1.3 Core-Shell Architectures; 2.2.1.4 Pt/Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides; 2.3 Oxygen Reduction Reaction; 2.3.1 Introduction and Reaction Mechanism; 2.3.2 Strategies to Improve the Platinum Performance for the ORR; 2.3.2.1 Morphological Effects on Platinum Electrocatalysts; 2.3.2.2 Alloying; Pt-Late Transition Metal Alloys; Pt-Early Transition Metal and Lanthanide Alloys; 2.3.2.3 Core-Shell Structures; 2.3.3 Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts
2.3.3.1 Palladium and Palladium-Alloy Catalysts2.3.4 Stability Issues; 2.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Electrocatalysis of Alternative Liquid Fuels for PEM Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC); 3.2.1 Methanol Crossover; 3.2.2 Methanol Oxidation Reaction (MOR); 3.2.3 Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction; 3.2.4 Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC); 3.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell; 3.3.1 Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR); 3.3.2 Ethanol Crossover; 3.3.3 Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR)
3.3.4 Performance of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC)3.4 Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell (DEGFC); 3.4.1 Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction; 3.4.2 Catalyst for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction (EGOR); 3.4.3 Performance of Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell (DEGFC); 3.5 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell; 3.5.1 Reaction Mechanism; 3.5.2 Catalyst for Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation; 3.5.3 Cell Configuration and Performance; 3.6 Direct Glycerol Fuel Cell (DGEFC); 3.7 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 4: Overview of Direct Liquid Oxidation Fuel Cells and its Application as Micro-Fuel Cells