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Table of Contents
Intro; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Contents; List of Videos; 1: Organisation of Screening for Congenital Heart Disease; Background; The Low Risk Population; High-Risk Population; Family History of Congenital Heart Disease; Fetal Risk Factors; Suspected Congenital Heart Disease; Nuchal Translucency; Extra-Cardiac Abnormality; Fetal Hydrops; Fetal Arrhythmias; Abnormal Fetal Karyotype; Monochorionic Pregnancy; Maternal Indications for Detailed Fetal Echocardiography; Maternal Drugs; Diabetes Mellitus; Maternal Infection; Maternal Antibody Status/Connective Tissue Disease
Assisted ConceptionPathways for Assessment of Low Risk and High Risk Populations; Management Following Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease; Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Screening for CHD; References; 2: Screening Views of the Fetal Heart; Introduction; Recommended Approach; Summary of Views; Fetal Orientation; Normal Arrangement of the Abdominal Vessels (Abdominal Situs); Cardiac Size and Location in the Chest; Four Chamber View; Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT); Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT); Three Vessel View (3VV)
Three Vessel and Trachea View (3VT View)Integration of Views; Limitations of Screening Views for Congenital Heart Disease; Size of Different Cardiac Structures; Additional Online Resources; References; 3: Extended Views of the Fetal Heart; Introduction; Sagittal View of the Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava; Sagittal View of the Ductal Arch; Sagittal View of the Aortic Arch; Sagittal View of the Short Axis of the Right and Left Ventricles; Subclavian Artery Assessment in Transverse Plane; Assessment of the Ductus Venosus; References
4: Use of Doppler Techniques in Fetal EchocardiographyIntroduction; Colour Flow Doppler; Optimising CFD; Colour Flow Doppler of Specific Cardiac Structures; Interatrial Septum; AV Junction; Outflow Tracts; Three Vessel View; Ventricular Septum; Other Intracardiac Shunts; Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler; Pulse Wave Doppler of Specific Cardiac Structures; Pulmonary Veins; Atria-Ventricular Connections; Outflow Tracts; Flow Reversal; Continuous Wave Doppler; Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography; References; 5: Fetal Cardiac Function; Introduction; The Fetal Circulation
A Practical Approach to Assessment of Fetal Cardiac FunctionAbnormal Features on the Four-Chamber View; Indices of Cardiac Function; Fractional Shortening; Ventricular Ejection Fraction; Myocardial Performance Index; Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Function; Integration of Different Techniques; Advanced Echocardiographic Techniques for Evaluation of Cardiac Function; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Tissue Doppler Imaging; Speckle Tracking (2D Strain) Techniques; Measurement of Fetal Cardiac Output; Echocardiographic Methods; Fetal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)
Assisted ConceptionPathways for Assessment of Low Risk and High Risk Populations; Management Following Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease; Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Screening for CHD; References; 2: Screening Views of the Fetal Heart; Introduction; Recommended Approach; Summary of Views; Fetal Orientation; Normal Arrangement of the Abdominal Vessels (Abdominal Situs); Cardiac Size and Location in the Chest; Four Chamber View; Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT); Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT); Three Vessel View (3VV)
Three Vessel and Trachea View (3VT View)Integration of Views; Limitations of Screening Views for Congenital Heart Disease; Size of Different Cardiac Structures; Additional Online Resources; References; 3: Extended Views of the Fetal Heart; Introduction; Sagittal View of the Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava; Sagittal View of the Ductal Arch; Sagittal View of the Aortic Arch; Sagittal View of the Short Axis of the Right and Left Ventricles; Subclavian Artery Assessment in Transverse Plane; Assessment of the Ductus Venosus; References
4: Use of Doppler Techniques in Fetal EchocardiographyIntroduction; Colour Flow Doppler; Optimising CFD; Colour Flow Doppler of Specific Cardiac Structures; Interatrial Septum; AV Junction; Outflow Tracts; Three Vessel View; Ventricular Septum; Other Intracardiac Shunts; Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler; Pulse Wave Doppler of Specific Cardiac Structures; Pulmonary Veins; Atria-Ventricular Connections; Outflow Tracts; Flow Reversal; Continuous Wave Doppler; Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography; References; 5: Fetal Cardiac Function; Introduction; The Fetal Circulation
A Practical Approach to Assessment of Fetal Cardiac FunctionAbnormal Features on the Four-Chamber View; Indices of Cardiac Function; Fractional Shortening; Ventricular Ejection Fraction; Myocardial Performance Index; Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Function; Integration of Different Techniques; Advanced Echocardiographic Techniques for Evaluation of Cardiac Function; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Tissue Doppler Imaging; Speckle Tracking (2D Strain) Techniques; Measurement of Fetal Cardiac Output; Echocardiographic Methods; Fetal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)