The history of whom? History from above : "Great men" and a few women ; Social history and quantification ; E.P. Thompson's historical revolution ; Resistance and agency ; Power and the private sphere
The history of where? How national history became unnatural ; Oceans, middle grounds, borderlands ; The rise of global history ; Displacing Euro-America
The history of what? From ideas to things ; The changing history of ideas ; Thomas Kuhn's scientific revolution ; Science in historical context ; The new history of things ; Nature and other nonhuman actors
How is history produced? From chroniclers to academics ; Popular and public history ; Orthodoxy and revisionism : how debate shapes history ; Do sources and archives make history?
Causes or meanings? Causality and history ; In search of laws and patterns : social science history and comparison ; Marxism and the Annales school ; Multicausal history and the return of the event ; In search of meaning : microhistory ; Clifford Geertz, Michel Foucault, and the "new cultural history"
Facts or fictions? The rise and fall of objectivity ; Postmodernism and history : radical skepticism and new methods ; Everything is constructed ; Barbarians at the gate ; Distortion or imagination : where do we draw the line?
Conclusion.