Foreword; Preface; Series Editor Page; Part I: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Metabolism and Physiology; Part II: Food and Environmental Exposures to Nitrite; Part III: Nitrite and Nitrate in Therapeutics and Disease; Conclusions; About the Series Editors; About Volume Editors; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Metabolism and Physiology; Chapter 1: Introduction; Introduction; Two Redundant Pathways for Endogenous NO Synthesis; Salivary Nitrate Concentration and Reduction; Salivary Nitrite Reduction to NO.

Safely Harnessing the Therapeutic Effects of Nitrite and Nitrate Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: From Atmospheric Nitrogen to Bioactive Nitrogen Oxides; Introduction; Nitrate, Agriculture, and Economics; Nitrogen Fixation; Microbial Dinitrogen Fixations; Haber-Bosch; Fossil Fuel Combustion; Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning; Nitrate Assimilation in Plants and Bacteria; Nitrification; Denitrification; Dissimilatory Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia; Anammox; Nitrogen Balance in Mammals; l-Arginine Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway; Dietary Sources of Nitrate and Nitrite.

Enterosalivary Circulation of Nitrate/Nitrite/NO Urinary Nitrate Excretion; Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Nitrate-Reducing Oral Bacteria: Linking Oral and Systemic Health; Introduction; Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway; Nitrite-Based Signaling; Bacterial Nitrate Reduction; How to Determine the Presence or Absence of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria; Restoring and Repopulation of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria; Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Epigenetics and the Regulation of Nitric Oxide; Introduction; Epigenetic Tags; DNA Methylation; Histone Modification; Histone Acetylation.

Histone MethylationHistone Lysine Methylation; Histone Arginine Methylation; Epigenetic Regulation of NOS Genes; NOS1 Regulation and Epigenetic Crosstalk; NOS2A Regulation and Epigenetic Crosstalk; NOS3 Regulation and Epigenetic Crosstalk; Overview of NO Regulation of HDAC; Overview of the Epigenetic Regulation of NO Production; Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: The Mitochondrion: A Physiological Target of Nitrite; Introduction; Mitochondrial Function: ATP Generation and Beyond; Nitrite Formation and Reduction; Nitrite Reduction by Mitochondria.

Mitochondria as a Physiological Target of Nitrite S-Nitrosation of Complex I to Attenuate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury; Heme Nitrosylation of Complex IV: Conservation of Oxygen and Short-Term Hibernation; Nitrite-Dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Ion Channels: Putative Targets in I/R; Downregulation of Adenine Nucleotide Translocase and Uncoupling Protein 3: Enhanced Exercise Efficiency; Nitrite Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Number; Nitrite Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis; Nitrite Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics to Mediate Preconditioning; Conclusions; References.