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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; Contributors; Chapter 1: Wastewater Treatment: An Overview; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Water Pollution; 1.2.1 Contamination and Contaminants; 1.2.2 Different Types of Effluents; 1.3 Wastewater Treatment; 1.3.1 General Scheme of Wastewater Treatment; 1.3.2 Technologies Available for Contaminant Removal; 1.4 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Adsorption-Oriented Processes Using Conventional and Non-conventional Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption; 2.2.1 Definition.
2.2.2 Adsorption, Sorption, Biosorption, Absorption or Bioaccumulation: What is the Most Appropriate Term?2.2.3 Contacting Systems; 2.2.4 Desorption of Contaminants; 2.2.5 Control Adsorbent Performance; 2.3 Types of Materials for Contaminant Removal; 2.3.1 Adsorbents Classification; 2.3.2 Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of an Adsorbent; 2.3.3 Commercial Activated Carbons; 2.3.4 Other Commercial Materials; 2.3.5 Non-conventional Green Adsorbents; 2.3.6 Which is the Best Non-conventional Adsorbent?; 2.4 Modeling and Mechanisms of Adsorption; 2.4.1 Batch Experiments.
2.4.2 Modeling2.4.3 Mechanisms of Adsorption; 2.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: A Systematic Analysis and Review of the Fundamental Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Acid-Base Properties in Solution: pH, Ionic Strength and Medium Composition as Relevant Variables; 3.2.1 Models for the Activity Coefficients of Species in Solution; 3.3 Gibbs Free Energy of Proton Binding: Electrostatic and Non-electrostatic Contributions; 3.4 Acid-Base Properties in Macromolecular Systems: A Complex Problem; 3.5 Classification of Biosorbents Based on Their Functional Groups.
3.6 Modelling the Proton Binding Equilibria in Biosorbents3.6.1 Electrostatic Effects: Influence of pH and Ionic Strength; 3.6.2 Validation of the Accuracy of Electrostatic Models; 3.6.3 Non-electrostatic (Intrinsic) Effects: Hofmeister Series; 3.6.4 Empirical Models to Describe the Proton Binding in Biosorbents; 3.6.5 Description of the Chemical Heterogeneity; 3.7 Nature, Abundance and Strength of Functional Sites in Biosorbents; 3.8 The Role of the Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents on Metals Removal; 3.9 Potentiometric Determination of the Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents.
3.9.1 Experimental Set-Up3.9.2 Calibrations; 3.9.3 Measurements; 3.9.4 Data Analysis; 3.10 Conclusions and Future Research Needs; References; Chapter 4: Fractal-Like Kinetic Models for Fluid-Solid Adsorption; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Fractal Concepts in Process Dynamics; 4.3 Fractal-Like Kinetic Models Applied to Adsorption; 4.4 Liquid-Solid Adsorption; 4.4.1 Experimental Conditions Under Analysis; 4.4.2 Fractal-Like Modelling Results; 4.4.3 Discussion on Relationships Between Properties of Adsorbents and Modelling Outcomes; 4.5 Conclusion; References.
2.2.2 Adsorption, Sorption, Biosorption, Absorption or Bioaccumulation: What is the Most Appropriate Term?2.2.3 Contacting Systems; 2.2.4 Desorption of Contaminants; 2.2.5 Control Adsorbent Performance; 2.3 Types of Materials for Contaminant Removal; 2.3.1 Adsorbents Classification; 2.3.2 Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of an Adsorbent; 2.3.3 Commercial Activated Carbons; 2.3.4 Other Commercial Materials; 2.3.5 Non-conventional Green Adsorbents; 2.3.6 Which is the Best Non-conventional Adsorbent?; 2.4 Modeling and Mechanisms of Adsorption; 2.4.1 Batch Experiments.
2.4.2 Modeling2.4.3 Mechanisms of Adsorption; 2.5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: A Systematic Analysis and Review of the Fundamental Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Acid-Base Properties in Solution: pH, Ionic Strength and Medium Composition as Relevant Variables; 3.2.1 Models for the Activity Coefficients of Species in Solution; 3.3 Gibbs Free Energy of Proton Binding: Electrostatic and Non-electrostatic Contributions; 3.4 Acid-Base Properties in Macromolecular Systems: A Complex Problem; 3.5 Classification of Biosorbents Based on Their Functional Groups.
3.6 Modelling the Proton Binding Equilibria in Biosorbents3.6.1 Electrostatic Effects: Influence of pH and Ionic Strength; 3.6.2 Validation of the Accuracy of Electrostatic Models; 3.6.3 Non-electrostatic (Intrinsic) Effects: Hofmeister Series; 3.6.4 Empirical Models to Describe the Proton Binding in Biosorbents; 3.6.5 Description of the Chemical Heterogeneity; 3.7 Nature, Abundance and Strength of Functional Sites in Biosorbents; 3.8 The Role of the Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents on Metals Removal; 3.9 Potentiometric Determination of the Acid-Base Properties of Biosorbents.
3.9.1 Experimental Set-Up3.9.2 Calibrations; 3.9.3 Measurements; 3.9.4 Data Analysis; 3.10 Conclusions and Future Research Needs; References; Chapter 4: Fractal-Like Kinetic Models for Fluid-Solid Adsorption; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Fractal Concepts in Process Dynamics; 4.3 Fractal-Like Kinetic Models Applied to Adsorption; 4.4 Liquid-Solid Adsorption; 4.4.1 Experimental Conditions Under Analysis; 4.4.2 Fractal-Like Modelling Results; 4.4.3 Discussion on Relationships Between Properties of Adsorbents and Modelling Outcomes; 4.5 Conclusion; References.