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Table of Contents
Intro; Foreword; Preface; Contents; List of Reviewers; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Chapter 1: Women and Men in the History of Western Cardiology: Some Notes on Their Position as Patients, Role as Investigation ... ; Introduction; How to Define the Origin of Western Cardiology?; The Antiques in the Western World and Dealing with Illness; Historical Perspective; Central Discoveries in Medicine with Relevance for Cardiology; Measurement, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure; Ratio of Finger Lengths and In Utero Exposure to Sex Hormones; Bloodletting as Therapeutic Intervention.
Human Beings as Investigated SubjectsWe Stand on the Shoulders of the Giants of Cardiology; Giant Teams in Cardiovascular Research; The Pulmonary Circulation; Historical Survey of Women in Medicine; Womenś Medical Schools and Initiatives; Bedside Teaching and Medical Journals; The ``Medical Women Question;́́ Gender Models, Female Physicians, and Women Writers; Hospitals, Infirmaries, and Clinics; The Heart and the Heliocentric Paradigm; Medicine and the Military System; Medical Care in More Recent Times; Men and Women as Study Objects and Their Strengths.
Soldierś Heart and Other Cardiac TroublesCardiomythology and Other Inflictions; The Doctor as a Patient; Consolatory Reflections; Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: An Introduction to Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Development, Disease, and Sexualization; Introduction; Epigenetic Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Disease; DNA Methylation; Overview; DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Development; DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Histone Modifications; Overview; Histone Modifications in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Noncoding RNA; Overview; MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease.
LncRNAs in Cardiovascular DevelopmentLncRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Epigenetics and Sex Differences; X-Inactivation and Genomic Imprinting; X-Escapee Genes; Y-Chromosome Epigenetic Modifiers; Sex Hormones and Receptors in Epigenetic Regulation; Conclusions and Future Directions; References; Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease with Emphasis on Sex-Related Aspects; Incidence and Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD); Preponderance of Specific Defects Between Boys and Girls; Manifestation of CHD; Progression to PAH; Treatment Outcomes and Complications.
Prognosis of CHDSummary; References; Chapter 4: Sex Differences in Epidemiology of Cardiac and Vascular Disease; Epidemiology of CV Disease in Adults; CVD Mortality; First Manifestation of CVD; CHD; Stroke; Heart Failure; CV Risk Factors; Summary; References; Chapter 5: Biostatistics in Cardiovascular Research with Emphasis on Sex-Related Aspects; Introduction; Medical Statistics The Basics; Sex Differences in a Continuous Outcome Measure; Independent Samples t-Test; Non-normal Outcome; Linear Regression Model; Standardization; Sex Differences in a Dichotomous Outcome Measure.
Human Beings as Investigated SubjectsWe Stand on the Shoulders of the Giants of Cardiology; Giant Teams in Cardiovascular Research; The Pulmonary Circulation; Historical Survey of Women in Medicine; Womenś Medical Schools and Initiatives; Bedside Teaching and Medical Journals; The ``Medical Women Question;́́ Gender Models, Female Physicians, and Women Writers; Hospitals, Infirmaries, and Clinics; The Heart and the Heliocentric Paradigm; Medicine and the Military System; Medical Care in More Recent Times; Men and Women as Study Objects and Their Strengths.
Soldierś Heart and Other Cardiac TroublesCardiomythology and Other Inflictions; The Doctor as a Patient; Consolatory Reflections; Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: An Introduction to Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Development, Disease, and Sexualization; Introduction; Epigenetic Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Disease; DNA Methylation; Overview; DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Development; DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Histone Modifications; Overview; Histone Modifications in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Noncoding RNA; Overview; MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease.
LncRNAs in Cardiovascular DevelopmentLncRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease; Summary; Epigenetics and Sex Differences; X-Inactivation and Genomic Imprinting; X-Escapee Genes; Y-Chromosome Epigenetic Modifiers; Sex Hormones and Receptors in Epigenetic Regulation; Conclusions and Future Directions; References; Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease with Emphasis on Sex-Related Aspects; Incidence and Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD); Preponderance of Specific Defects Between Boys and Girls; Manifestation of CHD; Progression to PAH; Treatment Outcomes and Complications.
Prognosis of CHDSummary; References; Chapter 4: Sex Differences in Epidemiology of Cardiac and Vascular Disease; Epidemiology of CV Disease in Adults; CVD Mortality; First Manifestation of CVD; CHD; Stroke; Heart Failure; CV Risk Factors; Summary; References; Chapter 5: Biostatistics in Cardiovascular Research with Emphasis on Sex-Related Aspects; Introduction; Medical Statistics The Basics; Sex Differences in a Continuous Outcome Measure; Independent Samples t-Test; Non-normal Outcome; Linear Regression Model; Standardization; Sex Differences in a Dichotomous Outcome Measure.