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000856225 019__ $$a1047826143$$a1048281260$$a1050744116
000856225 020__ $$a9783319916651$$q(electronic book)
000856225 020__ $$a3319916653$$q(electronic book)
000856225 020__ $$z3319916645
000856225 020__ $$z9783319916644
000856225 0247_ $$a10.1007/978-3-319-91665-1$$2doi
000856225 035__ $$aSP(OCoLC)on1047632950
000856225 035__ $$aSP(OCoLC)1047632950$$z(OCoLC)1047826143$$z(OCoLC)1048281260$$z(OCoLC)1050744116
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000856225 049__ $$aISEA
000856225 050_4 $$aTK8322
000856225 08204 $$a621.31/244$$223
000856225 1001_ $$aWhittles, Thomas James,$$eauthor.
000856225 24510 $$aElectronic characterisation of earth-abundant sulphides for solar photovoltaics /$$cThomas James Whittles.
000856225 260__ $$aCham, Switzerland :$$bSpringer,$$c2018.
000856225 300__ $$a1 online resource.
000856225 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent
000856225 337__ $$acomputer$$bc$$2rdamedia
000856225 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier
000856225 347__ $$atext file$$bPDF$$2rda
000856225 4901_ $$aSpringer theses
000856225 500__ $$aDoctoral thesis accepted by the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
000856225 504__ $$aIncludes bibliographical references.
000856225 5050_ $$aIntro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Publications and Presentations; Work Done in Conjunction with Others; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; Symbols; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Energy; 1.1.1 The Problem; 1.1.2 The Solutions; 1.1.3 The Case for Solar Energy; 1.2 Solar Photovoltaics; 1.2.1 Semiconductor Theory; 1.2.2 Photovoltaic Devices; 1.3 A Brief History of Solar Cells; 1.3.1 0th Generation: The Early Years; 1.3.2 1st Generation: Wafer-Based PV; 1.3.3 2nd Generation: Commercial Thin-Film; 1.3.4 3rd Generation: Everything Else, Dependent upon Research Interests.
000856225 5058_ $$a1.4 Earth-Abundant Thin-Film Solar Cells1.4.1 Why Sulphides?; 1.4.2 Cu-Based Earth-Abundant Post-transition Metal Sulphides; 1.5 Efficiency: The Quintessential Goal of Solar Cell Research?; 1.5.1 Standards; 1.5.2 Record Efficiencies; 1.5.3 A Few Words on Deployment; 1.6 Characterisation of Solar Cells; 1.6.1 Usual Techniques; 1.6.2 The Importance of Electronic Characterisation; 1.7 Overview of the Thesis; 1.7.1 Structure; 1.7.2 Aims; References; 2 Experimental Methods; 2.1 Material Growth Methods; 2.1.1 Single Crystal Growth Methods; 2.1.2 Thin-Film Growth Methods; 2.2 Ultrahigh Vacuum.
000856225 5058_ $$a2.2.1 The Necessity for Vacuum2.2.2 Achieving UHV; 2.2.3 A 3-Chamber Surface Science System; 2.2.4 A Single-Chamber Electronic Characterisation System; 2.3 Photoemission Spectroscopy; 2.3.1 Principles and Theory; 2.3.2 Operation and Implementation; 2.3.3 Spectrometer Calibrations; 2.3.4 Spectral Analysis; 2.4 Density Functional Theory; 2.4.1 Introduction; 2.4.2 Implementation; 2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; 2.5.1 Principles and Theory; 2.5.2 Operation and Implementation; 2.6 X-Ray Diffraction; 2.6.1 Principles and Theory; 2.6.2 Operation and Implementation.
000856225 5058_ $$a2.7 Raman Spectroscopy2.7.1 Principles and Theory; 2.7.2 Operation and Implementation; 2.8 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy; 2.9 Summary; References; 3 The Electronic Structure of CuSbS2 for Use as a PV Absorber; 3.1 CuSbS2: The Material; 3.1.1 History; 3.1.2 CuSbS2 as a Solar Absorber; 3.1.3 Structure; 3.1.4 Motivation and Scope of This Study; 3.2 Experimental Details; 3.2.1 Growth of CuSbS2 Films; 3.2.2 Characterisation of CuSbS2 Films; 3.3 Electronic Structure Studies of High-Quality CuSbS2 Films; 3.3.1 Phase-Purity; 3.3.2 XPS Core-Level Analysis; 3.3.3 Natural Band Alignments.
000856225 5058_ $$a3.3.4 Density of States Analysis3.4 Further Effects of Contamination and the Thermal Treatment of CuSbS2; 3.4.1 The Effects of Contamination; 3.4.2 The Effects of the Thermal Treatment; 3.5 Summary; References; 4 The Electronic Structure of Cu3BiS3 for Use as a PV Absorber; 4.1 Cu3BiS3: The Material; 4.1.1 History and Uses; 4.1.2 Cu3BiS3 as a Solar Absorber; 4.1.3 Structure; 4.1.4 Motivation and Scope of This Study; 4.2 Experimental Details; 4.2.1 Growth of Cu3BiS3 Films; 4.2.2 Characterisation of Cu3BiS3; 4.3 Electronic Structure Studies of Cu3BiS3; 4.3.1 Phase-Purity.
000856225 506__ $$aAccess limited to authorized users.
000856225 520__ $$aThis book examines the electronic structure of earth-abundant and environmentally friendly materials for use as absorber layers within photovoltaic cells. The corroboration between high-quality photoemission measurements and density of states calculations yields valuable insights into why these materials have demonstrated poor device efficiencies in the vast literature cited. The book shows how the materials' underlying electronic structures affect their properties, and how the band positions make them unsuitable for use with established solar cell technologies. After explaining these poor efficiencies, the book offers alternative window layer materials to improve the use of these absorbers. The power of photoemission and interpretation of the data in terms of factors generally overlooked in the literature, such as the materials' oxidation and phase impurity, is demonstrated. Representing a unique reference guide, the book will be of considerable interest and value to members of the photoemission community engaged in solar cell research, and to a wider materials science audience as well.
000856225 588__ $$aOnline resource; title from PDF title page (viewed August 8, 2018).
000856225 650_0 $$aPhotovoltaic cells$$xMaterials$$xResearch.
000856225 650_0 $$aPhotovoltaic power generation.
000856225 650_0 $$aSolar cells$$xResearch.
000856225 650_0 $$aMaterials science.
000856225 77608 $$iPrint version:$$z3319916645$$z9783319916644$$w(OCoLC)1031448577
000856225 830_0 $$aSpringer theses.
000856225 852__ $$bebk
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