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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Editors; Part I: Understanding the Process of Interaction; 1: Carbon Dynamics in Soil-Plant-Environment System on Climate Change Perspective: Special Reference to Rice; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Carbon Cycling in Soil, Plant and Environment; 1.3 Soil Carbon Dynamics; 1.3.1 Active Fractions/Pools of Soil Organic Carbon; 1.3.2 Passive Fractions/Pools of Soil Organic Carbon; 1.3.3 Slow Fractions/Pools of Organic Carbon; 1.4 Effects of Soil Management on Active and Passive Fraction/Pools of SOC; 1.5 Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Soil Organic Carbon
1.6 Drivers of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition1.6.1 Arrhenius Equation and Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; 1.6.2 Cancelling Effects; 1.7 Plant Carbon: Partitioning and Allocation; 1.8 Environment Carbon; 1.9 Methane Emissions from Rice Fields; 1.10 Carbon Sequestration; 1.11 Mechanism of Carbon Sequestration; 1.11.1 Physical; 1.11.2 Chemical; 1.12 Soil Processes Affecting C Sequestration; 1.12.1 Aggregation; 1.12.2 Secondary Carbonates Formation; 1.12.3 Humification; 1.12.4 Translocation and Transportation; 1.12.5 Mineralization; 1.12.6 Soil Erosion; 1.13 Management for Carbon Sequestration
1.13.1 Biochar1.13.2 Conservation Agriculture; 1.13.3 Principles of Conservation Agriculture; 1.13.4 Cover Crop and Residue Management; 1.14 Carbon Dynamics and Climate Change Feedback; References; 2: Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Agro-ecosystems; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Techniques for GHG Measurement; 2.2.1 Chamber Methods; 2.2.2 Micrometeorological Methods; 2.2.2.1 Vertical Gradient Methods; 2.2.2.2 Eddy Covariance Methods; 2.3 Designing Experimental Setup with EC System; 2.3.1 Site Characteristics; 2.3.2 Positioning of the Flux Tower; 2.3.3 Height of Sensor Placement
2.3.4 Instrumentation2.4 Measurement Issues: Data Screening, Corrections and Gap Filling; 2.4.1 Errors: Causes and Correction Measures; 2.4.2 Missing Data and Gap-Filling Techniques; 2.4.2.1 Mean Diurnal Variation; 2.4.2.2 Multiple Regression; 2.4.2.3 Semiempirical Methods; 2.4.2.4 Multiple Imputation (MI); 2.4.2.5 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs); 2.4.2.6 Process-Based Models; 2.4.3 Other Approaches; 2.5 Flux Validation; 2.6 GHG Fluxes from Agro-Ecosystems; 2.6.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2); 2.6.2 Methane (CH4); 2.6.3 Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
2.7 Measurement of GHG Fluxes in Some Crop Ecosystems of Indian Peninsula: Case Study2.8 Conclusions; References; 3: Methane Emission from Wetland Rice Agriculture-Biogeochemistry and Environmental Controls in Projected Changing Environment; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mechanisms of the Methane Emission from Wetland Rice; 3.3 Factors Controlling Methane Emissions from Wetland Rice Agriculture Under Submergence; 3.3.1 Soil Texture and Soil Structure; 3.3.2 Soil pH; 3.3.3 Soil Redox Potential (Eh); 3.3.4 Soil Chemical Condition; 3.3.5 Soil Temperature; 3.3.6 Soil Organic Matter; 3.3.7 Soil Salinity
1.6 Drivers of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition1.6.1 Arrhenius Equation and Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; 1.6.2 Cancelling Effects; 1.7 Plant Carbon: Partitioning and Allocation; 1.8 Environment Carbon; 1.9 Methane Emissions from Rice Fields; 1.10 Carbon Sequestration; 1.11 Mechanism of Carbon Sequestration; 1.11.1 Physical; 1.11.2 Chemical; 1.12 Soil Processes Affecting C Sequestration; 1.12.1 Aggregation; 1.12.2 Secondary Carbonates Formation; 1.12.3 Humification; 1.12.4 Translocation and Transportation; 1.12.5 Mineralization; 1.12.6 Soil Erosion; 1.13 Management for Carbon Sequestration
1.13.1 Biochar1.13.2 Conservation Agriculture; 1.13.3 Principles of Conservation Agriculture; 1.13.4 Cover Crop and Residue Management; 1.14 Carbon Dynamics and Climate Change Feedback; References; 2: Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Agro-ecosystems; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Techniques for GHG Measurement; 2.2.1 Chamber Methods; 2.2.2 Micrometeorological Methods; 2.2.2.1 Vertical Gradient Methods; 2.2.2.2 Eddy Covariance Methods; 2.3 Designing Experimental Setup with EC System; 2.3.1 Site Characteristics; 2.3.2 Positioning of the Flux Tower; 2.3.3 Height of Sensor Placement
2.3.4 Instrumentation2.4 Measurement Issues: Data Screening, Corrections and Gap Filling; 2.4.1 Errors: Causes and Correction Measures; 2.4.2 Missing Data and Gap-Filling Techniques; 2.4.2.1 Mean Diurnal Variation; 2.4.2.2 Multiple Regression; 2.4.2.3 Semiempirical Methods; 2.4.2.4 Multiple Imputation (MI); 2.4.2.5 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs); 2.4.2.6 Process-Based Models; 2.4.3 Other Approaches; 2.5 Flux Validation; 2.6 GHG Fluxes from Agro-Ecosystems; 2.6.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2); 2.6.2 Methane (CH4); 2.6.3 Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
2.7 Measurement of GHG Fluxes in Some Crop Ecosystems of Indian Peninsula: Case Study2.8 Conclusions; References; 3: Methane Emission from Wetland Rice Agriculture-Biogeochemistry and Environmental Controls in Projected Changing Environment; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mechanisms of the Methane Emission from Wetland Rice; 3.3 Factors Controlling Methane Emissions from Wetland Rice Agriculture Under Submergence; 3.3.1 Soil Texture and Soil Structure; 3.3.2 Soil pH; 3.3.3 Soil Redox Potential (Eh); 3.3.4 Soil Chemical Condition; 3.3.5 Soil Temperature; 3.3.6 Soil Organic Matter; 3.3.7 Soil Salinity