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Intro; Preface; Contents; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Soil Pollution: Causes and Consequences; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Causes of Soil Pollution; 1.2.1 Natural Sources; 1.2.1.1 Volcanic Eruptions; 1.2.1.2 Earthquakes; 1.2.1.3 Alterations in Rainfall Patterns; 1.2.1.4 Geographical Changes; 1.2.1.5 Tsunamis; 1.2.2 Anthropogenic Sources; 1.2.2.1 Solid Wastes; Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW); Hospital Wastes; Industrial Wastes; 1.2.2.2 Agricultural Practices; Herbicides; Insecticides; Fungicides; 1.2.2.3 Radioactive Wastes; 1.2.2.4 Chemical Wastes; 1.2.2.5 Mining and Smelting
1.3 Harmful Effects of Soil Pollution1.4 Remedies to Cope with Soil Pollution; 1.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Ex situ Soil Remediation Strategies; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Land Farming; 2.3 Biopile; 2.4 Windrow; 2.5 Composting; 2.6 Soil Washing; 2.7 Bioreactor; 2.8 Absorption/Adsorption; 2.9 Ion Exchange; 2.10 Pyrolysis; 2.11 Ultrasonic Technology; 2.12 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: In Situ Soil Remediation Strategies; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Methods of Soil Remediation; 3.2.1 Physical Separation; 3.2.2 Soil Flushing; 3.2.3 Volatilization; 3.2.4 Froth Flotation
3.2.5 Thermal Remediation3.2.5.1 Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH); 3.2.5.2 Steam Injection and Extraction; 3.2.5.3 Conductive Heating; 3.2.5.4 Radio-Frequency Heating (RFH); 3.2.5.5 In situ Vitrification (ISV); 3.3 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Chemical Methods of Soil Remediation; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Chemical Leaching; 4.3 Chemical Fixation; 4.4 Chemical Oxidation; 4.5 Electrokinetic Remediation; 4.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Biochar and Soil Remediation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Carbon Sequestration; 5.3 Nutrient Exchange; 5.4 Water Holding; 5.5 Adsorption/Absorption
5.6 Oxidation/Reduction5.7 Biochar-Microbe Interaction in Soil; 5.8 Remediation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Soils; 5.9 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Soil Remediation Through Microbes; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons; 6.3 Bioventing; 6.4 Bioleaching; 6.5 Bioaugmentation; 6.6 Mycoremediation; 6.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Soil Remediation Through Algae, Plants and Animals; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Phycoremediation; 7.3 Phytoremediation; 7.3.1 Rhizofiltration; 7.3.2 Phytotransformation; 7.3.2.1 Degradation; 7.3.2.2 Volatilization
7.3.2.3 Stabilization7.3.3 Phytoextraction/Phytoaccumulation; 7.3.4 Phytomining; 7.3.5 Phytostimulation; 7.4 Genetic Engineering Approaches for Phytoremediation; 7.5 Animal-Mediated Soil Remediation; 7.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 8: Nanobioremediation; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Properties of Nanoparticles; 8.3 Types of Nanoparticles; 8.3.1 TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) Based Nanoparticles; 8.3.2 Iron Based Nanoparticles; 8.3.3 Bimetallic Nanoparticles; 8.3.4 Nanoclays; 8.3.5 Nanotubes; 8.3.6 Dendrimers and Nanosponges; 8.3.7 Magnetic Nanoparticles
1.3 Harmful Effects of Soil Pollution1.4 Remedies to Cope with Soil Pollution; 1.5 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Ex situ Soil Remediation Strategies; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Land Farming; 2.3 Biopile; 2.4 Windrow; 2.5 Composting; 2.6 Soil Washing; 2.7 Bioreactor; 2.8 Absorption/Adsorption; 2.9 Ion Exchange; 2.10 Pyrolysis; 2.11 Ultrasonic Technology; 2.12 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: In Situ Soil Remediation Strategies; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Methods of Soil Remediation; 3.2.1 Physical Separation; 3.2.2 Soil Flushing; 3.2.3 Volatilization; 3.2.4 Froth Flotation
3.2.5 Thermal Remediation3.2.5.1 Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH); 3.2.5.2 Steam Injection and Extraction; 3.2.5.3 Conductive Heating; 3.2.5.4 Radio-Frequency Heating (RFH); 3.2.5.5 In situ Vitrification (ISV); 3.3 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Chemical Methods of Soil Remediation; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Chemical Leaching; 4.3 Chemical Fixation; 4.4 Chemical Oxidation; 4.5 Electrokinetic Remediation; 4.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Biochar and Soil Remediation; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Carbon Sequestration; 5.3 Nutrient Exchange; 5.4 Water Holding; 5.5 Adsorption/Absorption
5.6 Oxidation/Reduction5.7 Biochar-Microbe Interaction in Soil; 5.8 Remediation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Soils; 5.9 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Soil Remediation Through Microbes; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons; 6.3 Bioventing; 6.4 Bioleaching; 6.5 Bioaugmentation; 6.6 Mycoremediation; 6.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 7: Soil Remediation Through Algae, Plants and Animals; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Phycoremediation; 7.3 Phytoremediation; 7.3.1 Rhizofiltration; 7.3.2 Phytotransformation; 7.3.2.1 Degradation; 7.3.2.2 Volatilization
7.3.2.3 Stabilization7.3.3 Phytoextraction/Phytoaccumulation; 7.3.4 Phytomining; 7.3.5 Phytostimulation; 7.4 Genetic Engineering Approaches for Phytoremediation; 7.5 Animal-Mediated Soil Remediation; 7.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 8: Nanobioremediation; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Properties of Nanoparticles; 8.3 Types of Nanoparticles; 8.3.1 TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) Based Nanoparticles; 8.3.2 Iron Based Nanoparticles; 8.3.3 Bimetallic Nanoparticles; 8.3.4 Nanoclays; 8.3.5 Nanotubes; 8.3.6 Dendrimers and Nanosponges; 8.3.7 Magnetic Nanoparticles