Intro; Foreword; Preface to the Third Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Contents; About the Author; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Biomimetics and Green Science and Technology; 1.1.1 Climate Change and Lack of Recycling Impact on Sustainable Environment; 1.1.2 Green Science and Technology; 1.2 Biodiversity; 1.3 Lessons from Living Nature; 1.3.1 Bacteria; 1.3.2 Plants; 1.3.3 Insects, Spiders, Lizards, and Frogs; 1.3.4 Aquatic Animals; 1.3.5 Birds; 1.3.6 Seashells, Bones, and Teeth; 1.3.7 Spider Web; 1.3.8 Insect Piercing; 1.3.9 Eyes; 1.3.10 Fur and Skin of Polar Bear

1.3.11 Anti-freeze Proteins (AFPs)1.3.12 Biological Systems; 1.4 Locomotion in Living Nature; 1.4.1 Walking; 1.4.2 Gear Systems for Precise Movement; 1.5 Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Numbers; 1.6 Biomimetics and Bioinspiration in Art and Architecture-Bioarchitecture; 1.6.1 Biomimetics in Arts and Architecture; 1.6.2 Bioinspiration in Arts and Architecture; 1.7 Industrial Applications; 1.8 Economic Impact; 1.9 Research Objective and Approach; 1.10 Organization of the Book; References; 2 Roughness-Induced Superliquiphilic/Phobic Surfaces: Wetting States and Lessons from Living Nature

2.1 Introduction2.2 Wetting States; 2.3 Applications; 2.4 Natural Superhydrophobic, Self-cleaning, Low Adhesion/Drag Reduction Surfaces with Antifouling; 2.5 Natural Superhydrophobic and High Adhesion Surfaces; 2.6 Natural Superoleophobic Self-cleaning and Low Drag Surfaces with Antifouling; 2.7 Closure; References; 3 Modeling of Contact Angle for a Liquid in Contact with a Rough Surface for Various Wetting Regimes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Contact Angle Definition; 3.3 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Interfaces and the Wenzel, Cassie-Baxter and Cassie Equations

3.3.1 Limitations of the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter Equations3.3.2 Range of Applicability of the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter Equations; 3.4 Contact Angle Hysteresis, Tilt Angle, and Energy Dissipation; 3.5 Stability of a Composite Interface and Role of Hierarchical Structure with Convex Surfaces; 3.6 The Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel Wetting Regime Transition; 3.7 Closure; References; 4 Plant Leaf Surfaces in Living Nature; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Plant Leaves; 4.3 Characterization of Superhydrophobic and Hydrophilic Leaf Surfaces; 4.3.1 Experimental Techniques; 4.3.2 SEM Micrographs

4.3.3 Contact Angle Measurements4.3.4 Surface Characterization Using an Optical Profiler; 4.3.5 Surface Characterization, Adhesion, and Friction Using an AFM; 4.3.5.1 Comparison of Two AFM Measurement Techniques; 4.3.5.2 Surface Characterization; 4.3.5.3 Adhesive Force and Friction; 4.3.6 Role of the Hierarchical Roughness; 4.3.7 Summary; 4.4 Various Self-cleaning Approaches; 4.4.1 Comparison Between Superhydrophobic and Superhydrophilic Surface Approaches for Self-cleaning; 4.4.2 Summary; 4.5 Closure; References; 5 Nanofabrication Techniques Used for Superhydrophobic Surfaces