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Table of Contents
Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgements; Contents; Acronyms; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Physical and Technical Principles; 2.1 Acceleration of Ions; 2.1.1 Laser-Induced Acceleration; 2.1.2 Conventional Particle Accelerators; 2.2 Ion-Target Interaction; 2.2.1 Neutron Producing Reactions; 2.2.2 Integrity of the Target; 2.2.3 Activation of the Target; 2.3 Neutron Moderation; 2.3.1 Thermalization; 2.3.2 Production of Cold Neutrons; 2.4 Neutron Instrumentation; 2.5 Particle Transport and The Monte Carlo Method; 2.5.1 The Monte Carlo N-Particle Code MCNP
2.5.2 Fundamental Mathematical Principles2.5.3 Tallies, Error Estimation and Variance Reduction; 2.5.4 Nuclear Data, Physical Models and Parallelization; References; 3 Optimization Studies on a Laser-Driven Neutron Source; 3.1 The Trident Experiment; 3.2 Simulation Setup and Preparatory Work; 3.2.1 Moderation of a High-Energy Neutron Pencil Beam; 3.2.2 Heating and DPA Production in the Thermal Moderator; 3.2.3 Source Definition Based on Trident Results; 3.3 Setup and Design of the Moderator; 3.3.1 Moderator Shape and Geometry; 3.3.2 Converter Position; 3.3.3 Cold Moderators
3.4 The Novel Flux Finger Moderator3.4.1 Moderator and Flux Channel Configurations; 3.4.2 Shape of the Flux Channels; 3.4.3 Hollow Moderator; 3.4.4 Multiple Flux Channels; 3.5 Impact of an Additional Reflector; 3.5.1 Spectrum and Brilliance; 3.5.2 Neutron Pulse Shapes; References; 4 Optimization Studies on an Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source; 4.1 Target Development; 4.1.1 The PTRAC Source File Approach; 4.1.2 Projectiles and Target Materials; 4.1.3 Target Shape and Geometry; 4.1.4 Materials; 4.2 Moderator Development; 4.2.1 Choice of Moderator Materials; 4.2.2 Target Position
4.2.3 Shape, Dimensions and Geometry4.2.4 The Onion Moderator; 4.2.5 Flux Channels and The Finger Moderator; 4.3 Performance of the Final Design; 4.3.1 Brilliance; 4.3.2 Temporal Pulse Shape; References; 5 Prototype Moderator at the AKR-2 Training Reactor; 5.1 Design and Operational Features of the Reactor; 5.2 Characterization of the Experiments; 5.3 The MCNP Reactor Model; 5.3.1 Verification of the Model; 5.4 Optimization of the Prototype Moderator; 5.4.1 Generation of Weight Windows; 5.4.2 Optimization of the Thermal Moderator; 5.4.3 Optimization of the Cold Moderator; 5.5 Experiments
5.5.1 Final Design of the Thermal Moderator5.5.2 Design of the Cold Moderator; 5.5.3 Measurement Setup; 5.5.4 Preliminary Results; References; 6 Conclusions; 6.1 Summary; 6.2 Outlook; References; Appendix A Data and Cross Sections; A.1 Cross Sections; A.2 Formulas; Appendix B Additional Simulation Results; B.1 Laser-Driven Neutron Source; B.2 Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source; B.2.1 Verification of the Source File Approach; B.2.2 Extraction of Thermal Neutrons; B.2.3 Energy-Resolved Brilliance; B.2.4 Temporal Pulse Shapes; B.2.5 Brilliance for Different Reflector Thicknesses; B.2.6 Pulse Shapes for Different Reflector Thicknesses
2.5.2 Fundamental Mathematical Principles2.5.3 Tallies, Error Estimation and Variance Reduction; 2.5.4 Nuclear Data, Physical Models and Parallelization; References; 3 Optimization Studies on a Laser-Driven Neutron Source; 3.1 The Trident Experiment; 3.2 Simulation Setup and Preparatory Work; 3.2.1 Moderation of a High-Energy Neutron Pencil Beam; 3.2.2 Heating and DPA Production in the Thermal Moderator; 3.2.3 Source Definition Based on Trident Results; 3.3 Setup and Design of the Moderator; 3.3.1 Moderator Shape and Geometry; 3.3.2 Converter Position; 3.3.3 Cold Moderators
3.4 The Novel Flux Finger Moderator3.4.1 Moderator and Flux Channel Configurations; 3.4.2 Shape of the Flux Channels; 3.4.3 Hollow Moderator; 3.4.4 Multiple Flux Channels; 3.5 Impact of an Additional Reflector; 3.5.1 Spectrum and Brilliance; 3.5.2 Neutron Pulse Shapes; References; 4 Optimization Studies on an Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source; 4.1 Target Development; 4.1.1 The PTRAC Source File Approach; 4.1.2 Projectiles and Target Materials; 4.1.3 Target Shape and Geometry; 4.1.4 Materials; 4.2 Moderator Development; 4.2.1 Choice of Moderator Materials; 4.2.2 Target Position
4.2.3 Shape, Dimensions and Geometry4.2.4 The Onion Moderator; 4.2.5 Flux Channels and The Finger Moderator; 4.3 Performance of the Final Design; 4.3.1 Brilliance; 4.3.2 Temporal Pulse Shape; References; 5 Prototype Moderator at the AKR-2 Training Reactor; 5.1 Design and Operational Features of the Reactor; 5.2 Characterization of the Experiments; 5.3 The MCNP Reactor Model; 5.3.1 Verification of the Model; 5.4 Optimization of the Prototype Moderator; 5.4.1 Generation of Weight Windows; 5.4.2 Optimization of the Thermal Moderator; 5.4.3 Optimization of the Cold Moderator; 5.5 Experiments
5.5.1 Final Design of the Thermal Moderator5.5.2 Design of the Cold Moderator; 5.5.3 Measurement Setup; 5.5.4 Preliminary Results; References; 6 Conclusions; 6.1 Summary; 6.2 Outlook; References; Appendix A Data and Cross Sections; A.1 Cross Sections; A.2 Formulas; Appendix B Additional Simulation Results; B.1 Laser-Driven Neutron Source; B.2 Accelerator-Driven Neutron Source; B.2.1 Verification of the Source File Approach; B.2.2 Extraction of Thermal Neutrons; B.2.3 Energy-Resolved Brilliance; B.2.4 Temporal Pulse Shapes; B.2.5 Brilliance for Different Reflector Thicknesses; B.2.6 Pulse Shapes for Different Reflector Thicknesses