Intro; Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction of Nitrates; 1.1 Description on the Basic Structure of Nitrate; 1.2 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Nitrates; 1.2.1 Physical Properties of Nitrates; 1.2.2 Hydrolysis of Nitrate; 1.2.3 Reduction of Nitrate; 1.2.4 Some Other Reactions of Nitrate; 1.3 Important Properties of Nitrate; 1.3.1 Determination Methods of Nitrate Stability; 1.3.1.1 Abel Heat Resistance Test; 1.3.1.2 Vielle Test (Litmus Test); 1.3.1.3 Stability Test Under Vacuum; 1.3.1.4 Compatibility Test; 1.3.2 Determination of Important Physical Properties of Nitrate

1.3.2.1 Determination of Nitration Uniformity of Cellulose Nitrate1.3.2.2 Determination of Nitrogen Content of Nitrate (Measuring Nitrogen Content with Devarda Alloys Reduction Method); 1.3.2.3 The Flashpoint Determination of Nitrate; 1.3.2.4 The Acidity Determination of Nitrate; 1.3.2.5 Determination of Ash in Nitrate; 1.4 The Toxicity of Nitrate; References; 2 Characteristics of Nitrating Reagents; 2.1 Overview; 2.2 Acidity Function; 2.2.1 Acidity Function; 2.2.2 Meanings of Acidity Function J0 and C0+; 2.2.3 The Acidity Function of Lewis Acid

2.3 Mixture of Nitric Acid and Its Protonic Acid2.3.1 Nitric Acid; 2.3.2 Nitrating Reagent from Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid; 2.3.3 Nitration Agent Composed with Nitric Acid and Other Strong Acids; 2.3.4 Nitration Agent from Nitric Acid, Acetic Acid, and Acetic Anhydride; 2.4 Other Nitrating Reagents; 2.4.1 The Nitrating Reagent from Nitric Acid and Lewis Acid; 2.4.2 Nitrating Reagent from Nitric Acid and Magnesium Nitrate; 2.4.3 Nitrating Reagent from Nitric Acid and Zinc Nitrate; 2.4.4 Nitryl Halide; 2.4.5 Metal Nitrate; 2.4.6 The Nitrating Reagent from Nitric Acid and Nitrate

2.4.7 Nitrate Nitrating Reagent2.4.8 Nitryl Salt as Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.9 Nitric Oxide as Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.10 Nitrous Oxide as Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.11 Nitrating Reagent from Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide; 2.4.12 Nitrous Oxide as Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.13 Tetranitromethane Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.14 Nitroguanidine Nitrating Reagent; 2.4.15 A Mixture of Nitric Acid with a Sulfonic Acid or Sulfonic Acid Ion Exchange Resin; 2.5 The Introduction of Other Groups by Nitrating Reagent; 2.5.1 Nitrate Containing Catalyst; 2.5.2 Nitric Acid/Mercury Nitrate Nitrating Reagent

2.5.3 Peronitrous Acid Nitrating Reagent2.5.4 Chlorinated Nitrating Reagent; 2.6 Green Nitrating Reagent; 2.6.1 Electrolytic Nitration; 2.6.2 Radiation Nitration; 2.6.3 Microwave Nitration; 2.6.4 Ultrasonic Nitration Technology; References; 3 Nitration Reaction Reactor and Operation Technology; 3.1 Nitration Reactor; 3.2 Mass Transfer in the Nitration Process; 3.3 Heat and Heat Balance of Nitration Reactor; 3.3.1 Enthalpy Change and Equilibrium Constant for Nitration; 3.3.2 Heat Balance of the Reactor; 3.4 Properties and Composition Design Calculation of Mixed Nitro-sulfuric Acid