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Intro; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; Chapter 1: Current Role of Nanomaterials in Environmental Remediation; 1.1 The Need for a Sustainable Environment; 1.2 Nanomaterial Aids for Water Treatment; 1.2.1 Carbon-Based Nanostructures; 1.2.2 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials; 1.2.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles; 1.3 Nanomaterials in Chemosensors and Biosensors; 1.4 Nanomaterials as Effective Antimicrobial Agents; 1.5 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment; 2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment2.2.1 Semiconducting Nanomaterials; 2.2.2 Fenton Process; 2.2.3 Ozonation; 2.2.4 Sonolysis; 2.2.5 Sono-Fenton Systems; 2.2.6 Antimicrobial Activity; 2.2.7 Nanoadsorbents; 2.2.8 Inorganic Pollutant Removal; 2.2.9 Nanomembranes; 2.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 3: Nano-metal Oxides for Antibacterial Activity; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Synthesis Methods of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles; 3.2.1 Sonochemical Method; 3.2.2 Electrochemical; 3.2.3 Co-precipitation Method; 3.2.4 Solvothermal Method; 3.2.5 Sol-Gel Method; 3.2.6 Microwave
3.2.7 Wet Chemical3.2.8 Microemulsion Method; 3.2.9 Laser Ablation Method; 3.2.10 Chemical Vapour-Based Methods; 3.2.11 Combustion Method; 3.2.12 Template/Surface-Mediated Synthesis; 3.2.13 Biological Synthesis; 3.2.13.1 Mycosynthesis; 3.3 Crucial Factors Affecting the Antibacterial Mechanisms of Metal NPs; 3.3.1 Size; 3.3.2 Shape; 3.3.3 Roughness; 3.3.4 Zeta Potential; 3.3.5 Doping Modification; 3.3.6 Environmental Conditions; 3.4 Mechanisms of Metal Oxide Nanoparticle (MeO-NP) Antimicrobial Activity; 3.4.1 Cell Membrane Damage by Electrostatic Interaction
3.4.2 Disturbance in Metal/Metal Ion Homeostasis3.4.3 Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Oxidative Stress; 3.4.4 Protein and Enzyme Dysfunction; 3.4.5 Genotoxicity and Signal Transduction Inhibition; 3.4.6 Photokilling; 3.4.7 Other Mechanisms; 3.5 Features and Applications of Few Known MeO-NPs; 3.5.1 TiO2 Nanoparticles; 3.5.2 Silver Oxide (Ag2O) Nanoparticles; 3.5.3 ZnO Nanoparticles; 3.5.4 CuO Nanoparticles; 3.5.5 MgO Nanoparticles; 3.5.6 CaO Nanoparticles; 3.5.7 CeO2 Nanoparticles; 3.5.8 Y2O3 Nanoparticles; 3.5.9 Al2O3 Nanoparticles; 3.5.10 Bimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles
3.6 Limitations of the Current Research and Future Prospects3.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Nanomaterials for Advanced Analytical Applications in Chemo- and Biosensors; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Principle and Operation Stages of a Sensor (Fig. 4.2); 4.3 Structure Adopted for Nanomaterial-Based Chemo- and Biosensors; 4.4 Nanomaterials as Sensing Platforms; 4.4.1 Unmodified Nanoparticles; 4.4.2 Functionalized Nanoparticles; 4.5 Sensing Methods; 4.5.1 Direct Spectroscopy Sensing; 4.5.2 Reagent-Mediated Sensing; 4.6 Analytical Techniques and Signals; 4.6.1 UV-Visible Absorption-Based Sensors
2.2 Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment2.2.1 Semiconducting Nanomaterials; 2.2.2 Fenton Process; 2.2.3 Ozonation; 2.2.4 Sonolysis; 2.2.5 Sono-Fenton Systems; 2.2.6 Antimicrobial Activity; 2.2.7 Nanoadsorbents; 2.2.8 Inorganic Pollutant Removal; 2.2.9 Nanomembranes; 2.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 3: Nano-metal Oxides for Antibacterial Activity; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Synthesis Methods of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles; 3.2.1 Sonochemical Method; 3.2.2 Electrochemical; 3.2.3 Co-precipitation Method; 3.2.4 Solvothermal Method; 3.2.5 Sol-Gel Method; 3.2.6 Microwave
3.2.7 Wet Chemical3.2.8 Microemulsion Method; 3.2.9 Laser Ablation Method; 3.2.10 Chemical Vapour-Based Methods; 3.2.11 Combustion Method; 3.2.12 Template/Surface-Mediated Synthesis; 3.2.13 Biological Synthesis; 3.2.13.1 Mycosynthesis; 3.3 Crucial Factors Affecting the Antibacterial Mechanisms of Metal NPs; 3.3.1 Size; 3.3.2 Shape; 3.3.3 Roughness; 3.3.4 Zeta Potential; 3.3.5 Doping Modification; 3.3.6 Environmental Conditions; 3.4 Mechanisms of Metal Oxide Nanoparticle (MeO-NP) Antimicrobial Activity; 3.4.1 Cell Membrane Damage by Electrostatic Interaction
3.4.2 Disturbance in Metal/Metal Ion Homeostasis3.4.3 Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Oxidative Stress; 3.4.4 Protein and Enzyme Dysfunction; 3.4.5 Genotoxicity and Signal Transduction Inhibition; 3.4.6 Photokilling; 3.4.7 Other Mechanisms; 3.5 Features and Applications of Few Known MeO-NPs; 3.5.1 TiO2 Nanoparticles; 3.5.2 Silver Oxide (Ag2O) Nanoparticles; 3.5.3 ZnO Nanoparticles; 3.5.4 CuO Nanoparticles; 3.5.5 MgO Nanoparticles; 3.5.6 CaO Nanoparticles; 3.5.7 CeO2 Nanoparticles; 3.5.8 Y2O3 Nanoparticles; 3.5.9 Al2O3 Nanoparticles; 3.5.10 Bimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles
3.6 Limitations of the Current Research and Future Prospects3.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Nanomaterials for Advanced Analytical Applications in Chemo- and Biosensors; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Principle and Operation Stages of a Sensor (Fig. 4.2); 4.3 Structure Adopted for Nanomaterial-Based Chemo- and Biosensors; 4.4 Nanomaterials as Sensing Platforms; 4.4.1 Unmodified Nanoparticles; 4.4.2 Functionalized Nanoparticles; 4.5 Sensing Methods; 4.5.1 Direct Spectroscopy Sensing; 4.5.2 Reagent-Mediated Sensing; 4.6 Analytical Techniques and Signals; 4.6.1 UV-Visible Absorption-Based Sensors