Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Health: A Historical Perspective; Introduction; Physical Activity and Health Connection; Physical Activity in the United States; Physical Activity, Exercise Capacity, and Health; A Call to Action; Final Note; References; 2: Exercise, Gene Regulation, and Cardiometabolic Disease; Introduction; Gene Regulation; Transcription Factor Binding; Epigenetic Control: Histone Modifications; Epigenetic Control: DNA Methylation; miRNA; Gene Regulation in CMD; Transcription Factors and Co-regulators

Transgenerational EpigeneticsInflammation and CMD; miRNA and CMD; Treatments for CMD to Alter Gene Expression; Gene Regulation with Exercise; Inflammation and Exercise; miRNA; Variability in Training Response; Conclusions; References; 3: Exercise and the Mitochondria; Introduction; The Magical Mitochondria; Heart Muscle Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Replication, Transcription, and Biogenesis; Replication; Transcription; Biogenesis; Mitochondrial Medicine; Mitochondrial Disorders; Mitochondrial Dysfunction; Aging and Longevity in Connection to Mitochondria

Epigenetic Modifications of the MitochondriaExercise Effect on Mitochondria; Interventional Evidence and Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Changes Coupled to the Mitochondria; Clinical and Public Health Relevance; Conclusion and Future Directions; References; 4: Effect of Exercise on Adult Stem Cells; Introduction; Adult Stem Cells Are Influenced by Exercise; Effect of Exercise on Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs); Effects on EPCs; Effects on MSC; Conclusion; References; 5: Exercise Metabolism in Health and Disease; Exercise Metabolism: An Overview

Muscle Fiber TypesEnergy Substrates; ATP; Phosphocreatine (PCr); Glycogen; Lipids; Metabolic Pathways; Anaerobic Metabolism During Exercise; The ATP-PCr System; Glycolysis; Regulation of Anaerobic Pathways; Lactate Metabolism; Lactate Threshold: How Is It Affected by Fitness?; Can the Lactate Threshold Be Altered?; Aerobic Metabolism During Exercise; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Production; Regulation of Muscle Glucose Uptake; Cross Talk Between Skeletal Muscle and Liver Metabolism in Exercise; Fat Metabolism; Regulation of Muscle Fat Metabolism

Proteins as an Energy Source During ExerciseFactors Determining Substrate Preference During Exercise; Sex-Related Differences in Substrate Preference During Exercise; Cardiac Metabolism During Exercise; Metabolism of Energy Substrate in Heart During Exercise; Glucose; Free Fatty Acids; Ketone Bodies; Amino Acids; Preferred Substrate for Energy Needs of the Heart During Exercise; Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Cardiac Muscle; Future Considerations of Cardiac Metabolism; Exercise-Induced Chronic Metabolic Adaptations; Hormonal Regulation of Exercise Metabolism