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Intro; Foreword 1; Foreword 2; Foreword 3; Preface and Acknowledgments; Summary; Contents; Chapter 1: Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Ornamental Crabapples; 1.1 Significance of the Study of Crabapple Pollen Morphology; 1.2 Observation Methods for Crabapple Pollen Phenotypes; 1.3 Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Ornamental Crabapples; 1.4 Analysis of Pollen Morphology Traits of Crabapple; 1.4.1 Stability of Pollen Phenotypic Traits; 1.4.2 Analysis of Intrapopulation Variability of Phenotypic Traits in Crabapple Pollen; 1.5 Chapter Summary
Chapter 2: Evolutionary Law for Ornamental Crabapple Pollen Traits2.1 Evolutionary Research Background on Plant Pollen Traits; 2.2 Study Methods for Investigating the Evolution of the Phenotypic Traits of Crabapple Pollen; 2.2.1 Analysis of the Evolutionary Relationship of Pollen Between Species from the Malus; 2.2.2 Analysis Methods for Assessing the Trend of Evolution Between Cultivars and Species; 2.3 Evolutionary Relationships of Crabapple Pollen Phenotypic Traits
2.3.1 The Evolutionary Relationships of the Pollen Phenotype Traits of Malus Species Based on Classical Taxonomy and Molecular...2.3.2 Evolutionary Trends of Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Boxplot Analysis; 2.3.3 Evolutionary Trends of the Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Frequency Di...; 2.4 Chapter Summary; Chapter 3: Evolutionary of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples; 3.1 Research Background on Plant Pollen Ornamentation Evolution
3.2 Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Evolution of Crabapple Pollen Ornamentation3.3 Evolutionary Trend of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples; 3.3.1 Distribution Characteristics of the Ornamentation Patterns of Crabapple Germplasm Pollen; 3.3.2 Pollen Ornamentation Evolution in the Populations of Species and Cultivars; 3.3.3 Evolution of Pollen Ornamentation Patterns in Parental and Progeny Populations; 3.4 Chapter Summary; Chapter 4: Ultrastructure Observation of M. halliana Pollen During Development; 4.1 Research Background of M. halliana Pollen Development
4.2 Mixed Bud Morphological and Developmental Observation in M. halliana4.3 Ultrastructural Observations of M. halliana Pollen Development; 4.3.1 Initial Differentiation Stage of the Anthers; 4.3.2 Sporogenesis; 4.3.3 Formation of Microsporocytes; 4.3.4 Meiosis; 4.3.5 Mononucleated Microspore Stage; 4.3.6 Pollen Maturation Stage; 4.4 Ultrastructural Observations of Anther Wall Formation in M. halliana; 4.4.1 Sporogenesis; 4.4.2 Microsporocyte Formation Stage; 4.4.3 Meiosis; 4.4.4 Pollen Maturation Stage; 4.5 Anatomical Causes of Pollen Abortion in Monopetalous M. halliana; 4.6 Chapter Summary; Chapter 5: Electron Microscopic of Crabapple Pollen
Chapter 2: Evolutionary Law for Ornamental Crabapple Pollen Traits2.1 Evolutionary Research Background on Plant Pollen Traits; 2.2 Study Methods for Investigating the Evolution of the Phenotypic Traits of Crabapple Pollen; 2.2.1 Analysis of the Evolutionary Relationship of Pollen Between Species from the Malus; 2.2.2 Analysis Methods for Assessing the Trend of Evolution Between Cultivars and Species; 2.3 Evolutionary Relationships of Crabapple Pollen Phenotypic Traits
2.3.1 The Evolutionary Relationships of the Pollen Phenotype Traits of Malus Species Based on Classical Taxonomy and Molecular...2.3.2 Evolutionary Trends of Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Boxplot Analysis; 2.3.3 Evolutionary Trends of the Pollen Phenotypic Traits of Natural Species and Cultivars of Crabapples Based on Frequency Di...; 2.4 Chapter Summary; Chapter 3: Evolutionary of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples; 3.1 Research Background on Plant Pollen Ornamentation Evolution
3.2 Quantitative Analysis Methods for the Evolution of Crabapple Pollen Ornamentation3.3 Evolutionary Trend of Pollen Ornamentation in Ornamental Crabapples; 3.3.1 Distribution Characteristics of the Ornamentation Patterns of Crabapple Germplasm Pollen; 3.3.2 Pollen Ornamentation Evolution in the Populations of Species and Cultivars; 3.3.3 Evolution of Pollen Ornamentation Patterns in Parental and Progeny Populations; 3.4 Chapter Summary; Chapter 4: Ultrastructure Observation of M. halliana Pollen During Development; 4.1 Research Background of M. halliana Pollen Development
4.2 Mixed Bud Morphological and Developmental Observation in M. halliana4.3 Ultrastructural Observations of M. halliana Pollen Development; 4.3.1 Initial Differentiation Stage of the Anthers; 4.3.2 Sporogenesis; 4.3.3 Formation of Microsporocytes; 4.3.4 Meiosis; 4.3.5 Mononucleated Microspore Stage; 4.3.6 Pollen Maturation Stage; 4.4 Ultrastructural Observations of Anther Wall Formation in M. halliana; 4.4.1 Sporogenesis; 4.4.2 Microsporocyte Formation Stage; 4.4.3 Meiosis; 4.4.4 Pollen Maturation Stage; 4.5 Anatomical Causes of Pollen Abortion in Monopetalous M. halliana; 4.6 Chapter Summary; Chapter 5: Electron Microscopic of Crabapple Pollen