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Table of Contents
Intro; Acknowledgments; Book Abstract; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Framework; 1 Introduction; 2 Why Defeat?; 3 Theoretical Framework; 3.1 National Self-Images; 3.2 Political Parties; 3.2.1 Strong Political Parties; 3.2.2 Weak Political Parties; 3.2.3 Strength of Opposition Forces; 3.3 International Environment; 4 Methodology; 4.1 Case Selection; 4.2 Criteria for Case Selection; 4.3 Typology of Defeat/Intensity of Defeat; 4.4 Total Defeat; 4.5 Dire/Decisive Defeat; 4.6 Colonial Defeats; 4.7 Temporary Defeats; 4.8 Criteria for Exclusion; 4.9 Criteria for Inclusion
4.10 Structured, Focused ComparisonChapter 2: Egypt: Defeat and the Transformation of State and Society; 1 Introduction; 2 Notes on Whether Defeat Is a Catalyst or a Causal Variable; 3 Various Explanations of the Causes of Defeat; 4 Egypt's Self-Image; 5 Political Organizations; 6 Strong Presidency; 7 Public Pressures After Defeat; 8 Domestic Changes; 8.1 Left Radicalism; 8.2 Islamist Militant Radicalism; 8.3 Conclusions on Domestic Changes and Radicalization; 9 Changes in Foreign Policy; 9.1 Nasser's Foreign Policy; 9.2 Sadat's Foreign Policy; 9.3 Regional Effects/Strategic Environment
9.4 Concluding Remarks on Egypt's Foreign Policy10 Conclusion; Chapter 3: Bulgaria: Defeat and Nationalist Demobilization During the Peasant Era; 1 Introduction; 2 The Balkan Wars; 3 The First World War; 4 National Self-Image; 5 Political Organizations/Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU); 6 The Impact of Defeat; 6.1 BANU Consolidating and Discrediting Established Parties; 6.2 Turn Away from Irredentism; 6.3 Domestic Reforms; 6.4 Cooperative Foreign Policy; 7 The Descent: The June 1923 Coup; 8 Conclusion; Chapter 4: Hungary: The Cult of Defeat; 1 Introduction; 2 National Self-Image
2.1 Doctrine of the Holy Crown: Hungarian Exceptionalism2.2 The Age of Rising Expectations (Nineteenth Century); 3 Political Organizations; 4 The Aftermath; 4.1 Trianon and the Psychology of Defeat; 4.2 Concluding Remarks on Trianon; 4.3 Domestic Radicalism/Revisionist Movements; 4.4 The Transitional Period (1918-1921); 4.4.1 The Liberal Bourgeois Republic; 4.4.2 The Republic of Councils/The Kun Regime; 4.4.3 Conclusion: The Transitional Period; 4.5 The Horthy Regime; 4.5.1 Bethlen's Era; Consolidation Period/Patient Anticipation; The Creation of a Government Party
The Manipulation of Electoral RulesAssertive Foreign Policy; 4.5.2 The Descent: Radicalization and the Ascent of Gömbös; 5 Conclusion; Chapter 5: The Ottoman Empire/Turkey: Defeat and the Birth of a Nation; 1 Introduction; 2 Potential Causes of Irredentism; 3 National Self-Image; 3.1 The Age of Mounting Losses; 3.2 Tempered National Self-Image; 3.3 Conclusion; 4 Political Organizations; 4.1 Institutional Continuity; 4.2 The Formation of the Republican People's Party (RPP) and Its Structure; 4.3 The Opposition's Strength; 4.4 Conclusion; 5 Turkish Nationalism; 5.1 The Fate of Ideologies
4.10 Structured, Focused ComparisonChapter 2: Egypt: Defeat and the Transformation of State and Society; 1 Introduction; 2 Notes on Whether Defeat Is a Catalyst or a Causal Variable; 3 Various Explanations of the Causes of Defeat; 4 Egypt's Self-Image; 5 Political Organizations; 6 Strong Presidency; 7 Public Pressures After Defeat; 8 Domestic Changes; 8.1 Left Radicalism; 8.2 Islamist Militant Radicalism; 8.3 Conclusions on Domestic Changes and Radicalization; 9 Changes in Foreign Policy; 9.1 Nasser's Foreign Policy; 9.2 Sadat's Foreign Policy; 9.3 Regional Effects/Strategic Environment
9.4 Concluding Remarks on Egypt's Foreign Policy10 Conclusion; Chapter 3: Bulgaria: Defeat and Nationalist Demobilization During the Peasant Era; 1 Introduction; 2 The Balkan Wars; 3 The First World War; 4 National Self-Image; 5 Political Organizations/Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU); 6 The Impact of Defeat; 6.1 BANU Consolidating and Discrediting Established Parties; 6.2 Turn Away from Irredentism; 6.3 Domestic Reforms; 6.4 Cooperative Foreign Policy; 7 The Descent: The June 1923 Coup; 8 Conclusion; Chapter 4: Hungary: The Cult of Defeat; 1 Introduction; 2 National Self-Image
2.1 Doctrine of the Holy Crown: Hungarian Exceptionalism2.2 The Age of Rising Expectations (Nineteenth Century); 3 Political Organizations; 4 The Aftermath; 4.1 Trianon and the Psychology of Defeat; 4.2 Concluding Remarks on Trianon; 4.3 Domestic Radicalism/Revisionist Movements; 4.4 The Transitional Period (1918-1921); 4.4.1 The Liberal Bourgeois Republic; 4.4.2 The Republic of Councils/The Kun Regime; 4.4.3 Conclusion: The Transitional Period; 4.5 The Horthy Regime; 4.5.1 Bethlen's Era; Consolidation Period/Patient Anticipation; The Creation of a Government Party
The Manipulation of Electoral RulesAssertive Foreign Policy; 4.5.2 The Descent: Radicalization and the Ascent of Gömbös; 5 Conclusion; Chapter 5: The Ottoman Empire/Turkey: Defeat and the Birth of a Nation; 1 Introduction; 2 Potential Causes of Irredentism; 3 National Self-Image; 3.1 The Age of Mounting Losses; 3.2 Tempered National Self-Image; 3.3 Conclusion; 4 Political Organizations; 4.1 Institutional Continuity; 4.2 The Formation of the Republican People's Party (RPP) and Its Structure; 4.3 The Opposition's Strength; 4.4 Conclusion; 5 Turkish Nationalism; 5.1 The Fate of Ideologies