Intro; Contents; Editors and Contributors; About the Editors; Contributors; Abbreviations; 1: What Do Emerging Technologies Mean for Economic Development?; References; Part I: Materials and Manufacturing; 2: New Materials: The Case of Carbon Fibres; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Carbon Fibres (CFs); 2.2.1 Types of CFs and a Comparative Analysis; 2.2.1.1 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based CFs; 2.2.1.2 Pitch-Based Carbon Fibres; 2.2.1.3 Viscose-Based CFs; 2.2.1.4 Gas Phase-Based CFs; 2.2.2 Competing Technologies for CFs; 2.2.2.1 Aramid Fibres; 2.2.2.2 Basalt Fibres; 2.2.2.3 Boron Fibres

2.2.2.4 Silicon Carbide Fibre2.2.2.5 Aluminium Oxide Fibres; 2.2.3 Advantages of CFs; 2.3 CF Composites; 2.3.1 Types of CF Composites and a Comparative Analysis; 2.3.1.1 Carbon-Carbonic Composite Materials; 2.3.1.2 Metallic Matrix CF Composites; 2.3.1.3 Ceramic Matrix CF Composites; 2.3.1.4 Polymeric Matrix CF Composites (Coal Plastics); 2.3.2 Competing Technologies for CF Composites; 2.3.2.1 Glass-Fibre Plastics; 2.3.2.2 Boron-Filled Plastics; 2.3.2.3 Organoplastics; 2.3.2.4 Basalt Plastics; 2.3.2.5 Powder-Filled Polymers; 2.3.2.6 Textolites; 2.3.3 Advantages of CF Composites

2.4 Demand for CF Products2.4.1 Markets for CFs; 2.4.2 Market Pricing of CFs and Composites; 2.5 Future Prospects and Scenarios for CF Markets; 2.5.1 Global Market Scenarios; 2.5.2 Market Scenarios in Russia; 2.6 Technology Strategy for the Exploitation of CFs; References; 3: Nanotechnology for High-Tech Industries: Light-Emitting Diodes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 LEDs; 3.1.1.1 Incandescent Light Bulbs; 3.1.1.2 Low-Pressure Gas-Discharge Lamps (Fluorescent Lamps, Compact Fluorescent Lamps, Plasma Lamps, etc.); 3.1.1.3 High-Pressure and High-Intensity Gas-Discharge Lamps

3.1.1.4 Electroluminescent Light Sources3.1.1.5 Non-electric Light Sources; 3.2 Information Display Technologies; 3.2.1 E-Ink; 3.2.2 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs); 3.2.3 Plasma Display Panel (Gas-Discharge Screen); 3.2.4 Electroluminescent Panel (EL-Panel or Electroluminescent Paper); 3.2.5 Projection Systems; 3.2.6 Laser Projectors; 3.3 Lighting Applications and the World Market; 3.3.1 Fields of Application; 3.3.2 Demand for LED Applications and Competing Technologies; 3.4 Conclusions: LED Development Perspectives; References

4: Technology Use in Traditional Industries: Catalysts for Petroleum Refining4.1 Global Technological Development Trends in the Oil Refining Sphere; 4.1.1 Oil Refining Structure; 4.1.2 Oil Refining Trends and Development of Global Catalyst Market; 4.1.3 Russian Oil Refining Industry and Catalyst Market; 4.2 Catalytic Refining Technologies ́Characteristics; 4.2.1 Catalytic Cracking; 4.2.2 Catalytic Reforming; 4.2.3 Isomerisation of Light Gasoline Fractions; 4.2.4 Hydrofining; 4.2.5 Hydrocracking; 4.2.6 Alkylation; 4.2.6.1 Alkylation of Isobutane with Butylenes; 4.2.6.2 Alkylation of Benzene