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Intro; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Polarization, Scattering, and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves; 1.1 Polarization State of Electromagnetic Wave; 1.2 Scattering by a Single Particle; 1.3 Propagation Effects; References; Chapter 2: Polarimetric Doppler Radar; 2.1 Pulsed Doppler Radar; 2.2 Polarimetric Doppler Radar; 2.3 Relations Between Fields and Voltages; 2.4 Doppler Shift and Differential Phase; 2.5 Measurements of Single-Particle Scattering; References; Chapter 3: Scattering by Ensemble of Hydrometeors: Polarimetric Perspective; 3.1 Range Weighting Function
3.2 Powers and Correlations: Ensemble of Scatterers3.2.1 Powers; 3.2.2 Correlations; 3.2.2.1 Simultaneous SHV Mode (No Coupling on Propagation Path); 3.2.2.2 H Transmitted and Simultaneous H and V Received, HSHV Mode of Operations; 3.2.2.3 V Transmitted and Simultaneous V and H Received, VSVH; 3.3 Polarimetric Variables: Definitions; 3.3.1 Simultaneous Transmission/Reception (SHV) Mode; 3.3.1.1 Equivalent Reflectivity Factor; 3.3.1.2 Differential Reflectivity; 3.3.1.3 Cross-Correlation Coefficient; 3.3.2 HSHV and VSVH Modes; 3.4 Effects of Particle Orientations
4.3.2 Aspect Ratio of Ice Crystals4.3.3 Aspect Ratios of Dry Aggregated Snowflakes and Dry Graupel and Hail; 4.3.4 Aspect Ratio of Melting Crystals and Snow; 4.3.5 Aspect Ratio of Melting Graupel and Hail; 4.3.6 Orientations of Hydrometeors; 4.4 Dielectric Properties of Hydrometeors; 4.4.1 Dielectric Constant of Fresh Water and Solid Ice; 4.4.2 Dielectric Constant of Dry Snow, Graupel, and Hail; 4.4.3 Dielectric Constant of Wet Snow; 4.4.4 Dielectric Constant of Wet Graupel and Hail; References; Chapter 5: Polarimetric Variables
5.1 Scattering Amplitudes and Cross Sections in the Rayleigh Approximation5.2 Reflectivity; 5.2.1 Rayleigh Formulas for Reflectivity; 5.2.2 Reflectivity of Raindrops; 5.2.3 Reflectivity of Frozen Particles; 5.2.4 Reflectivity of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors; 5.3 Differential Reflectivity; 5.3.1 Differential Reflectivity in the Rayleigh Approximation; 5.3.2 Differential Reflectivity of Raindrops; 5.3.3 Differential Reflectivity of Frozen Particles; 5.3.4 Differential Reflectivity of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors; 5.4 Specific Differential Phase
3.2 Powers and Correlations: Ensemble of Scatterers3.2.1 Powers; 3.2.2 Correlations; 3.2.2.1 Simultaneous SHV Mode (No Coupling on Propagation Path); 3.2.2.2 H Transmitted and Simultaneous H and V Received, HSHV Mode of Operations; 3.2.2.3 V Transmitted and Simultaneous V and H Received, VSVH; 3.3 Polarimetric Variables: Definitions; 3.3.1 Simultaneous Transmission/Reception (SHV) Mode; 3.3.1.1 Equivalent Reflectivity Factor; 3.3.1.2 Differential Reflectivity; 3.3.1.3 Cross-Correlation Coefficient; 3.3.2 HSHV and VSVH Modes; 3.4 Effects of Particle Orientations
4.3.2 Aspect Ratio of Ice Crystals4.3.3 Aspect Ratios of Dry Aggregated Snowflakes and Dry Graupel and Hail; 4.3.4 Aspect Ratio of Melting Crystals and Snow; 4.3.5 Aspect Ratio of Melting Graupel and Hail; 4.3.6 Orientations of Hydrometeors; 4.4 Dielectric Properties of Hydrometeors; 4.4.1 Dielectric Constant of Fresh Water and Solid Ice; 4.4.2 Dielectric Constant of Dry Snow, Graupel, and Hail; 4.4.3 Dielectric Constant of Wet Snow; 4.4.4 Dielectric Constant of Wet Graupel and Hail; References; Chapter 5: Polarimetric Variables
5.1 Scattering Amplitudes and Cross Sections in the Rayleigh Approximation5.2 Reflectivity; 5.2.1 Rayleigh Formulas for Reflectivity; 5.2.2 Reflectivity of Raindrops; 5.2.3 Reflectivity of Frozen Particles; 5.2.4 Reflectivity of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors; 5.3 Differential Reflectivity; 5.3.1 Differential Reflectivity in the Rayleigh Approximation; 5.3.2 Differential Reflectivity of Raindrops; 5.3.3 Differential Reflectivity of Frozen Particles; 5.3.4 Differential Reflectivity of Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors; 5.4 Specific Differential Phase