Intro; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Introducing the Early Digital; 1.1 Digital Materiality; 1.2 Digital vs. Analog; 1.3 Computer Programs Are Inherently Digital; 1.4 Digital Information; 1.5 When Was the Early Digital?; 1.6 Warming Up to the Early Digital; 1.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Inventing an Analog Past and a Digital Future in Computing; 2.1 Pairings; 2.2 Variety; 2.3 Criticism; 2.4 Hybridity; 2.5 The Popular Press; 2.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Forgotten Machines: The Need for a New Master Narrative; 3.1 Totalisators; 3.1.1 Contested Acceptance

3.1.2 Automatic Totalisators3.2 The Harringay Julius Totalisator; 3.2.1 Operation: Ticket-Issuing Machines; 3.2.2 Accumulators and the Aggregation of Bets; 3.2.3 Multiplexing, Selectors and Controlling Data Flow; 3.2.4 The Odds Machine and Elementary Trigonometry; 3.2.5 Overview; 3.3 The Spotlight Golf Machine; 3.3.1 Playing the Game; 3.3.2 Logic and Control; 3.3.3 Scrolls and Slots; 3.3.4 Overview; 3.4 Wrap-Up; References; Chapter 4: Calvin Mooers, Zatocoding, and Early Research on Information Retrieval; 4.1 The Computer as a Data Retrieval Device; 4.2 Edge-Notched Cards; 4.3 Zatocoding

4.4 Hashing4.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Switching the Engineer's Mind-Set to Boolean: Applying Shannon's Algebra to Control Circuits and Digital Computing (1938-1958); 5.1 Ingenuity: Bringing Theory to Practice (1938-1951); 5.2 Getting out of the Black Box (1950-1960); 5.2.1 The Engineers' Building Blocks; 5.3 The Mathematicians' Diagrammatic Notation; 5.4 Theory and Practice Revisited; References; Chapter 6: The ENIAC Display: Insignia of a Digital Praxeology; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 The Enigmatic Nature of the Display; 6.3 The Public Nature of the Display

6.4 The Discrete Nature of the DisplayReferences; Chapter 7: The Evolution of Digital Computing Practice on the Cambridge University EDSAC, 1949-1951; 7.1 Formation of the University Mathematical Laboratory; 7.2 EDSAC and the Development of Programming; 7.3 The Subroutine Library and Documentation; 7.4 A Digital Computer Service and the Summer Schools; 7.5 Applications and the Priorities Committee; 7.5.1 EDSAC's Digital Legacy; References; Chapter 8: The Media of Programming; 8.1 Automation and Programming; 8.2 Storing Instructions on Tapes

8.2.1 Addressable Memory and the Format of Instructions8.2.2 Controlling Computations; 8.3 Programming with Multiple Instruction Sequences; 8.3.1 Program Pulses and Program Controls; 8.3.2 Multiple Tapes; 8.4 Sequential Electronic Memory; 8.4.1 The Invention of Delay Line Memory; 8.4.2 The Unification of Memory; 8.4.3 Memory in the First Draft; 8.4.4 Coding in the First Draft; 8.4.5 Short Delay Lines; 8.4.6 Optimum Coding and the Pilot ACE; 8.5 Random-Access Memory; 8.6 Conclusions; References