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Intro; Foreword; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Part I: Environmental Issues; Deep-Sea Mining and the Environment: An Introduction; 1 Background; 2 Key Issues of Deep-Sea Mining; 3 Major Concerns Raised Around Deep-Sea Mining; 3.1 Concern Raised: Large Areas of Seafloor Beneath All Oceans Will Be Mined; 3.2 Concern Raised: Seafloor Environments Over Millions of Square Kilometers Will Be Destroyed; 3.3 Concern Raised: Sediment Plumes Will Impact the Marine Environment; 3.4 Concern Raised: Deep-Sea Biota Will Be Destroyed
3.5 Concern Raised: Not Enough Is Being Done for the Marine Environment4 Mechanisms for Responsible Environmental Management; 5 Considerations for Sustainable Deep-Sea Mining; 6 Conclusions; References; Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining: A Law of the Sea Perspective; Environmental Impacts of Nodule, Crust and Sulphide Mining: An Overview; 1 Introduction; 2 Deep-Sea Minerals and Their Occurrence; 3 Progress Towards Deep-Sea Mining; 4 Environmental Issues Related to Deep-Sea Mining; 5 Deep-Sea Ecosystems; 5.1 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining SMS Deposits
5.2 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining Manganese Nodules5.3 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining Cobalt Crusts; 6 Common Issues Related to Environmental Impact Affecting all Resource Types; 6.1 Mid-Water Plumes; 6.2 Noise and Light; 7 Conclusion; References; Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment for Deep-Sea Mining; 1 Environmental Impact Assessment and Deep-Sea Mining; 2 Ecosystem Services Provided by the Deep Sea; 3 State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Ecosystem Services; 4 Evaluation Criteria; 5 Adaptive Management Approach; 6 Conclusions
Appendix A: Studies Included in Table 2References; Technologies for Safe and Sustainable Mining of Deep-Seabed Minerals; 1 Introduction; 2 Functional Requirements for Deep-Sea Mining; 2.1 Production of Functional Requirements; 2.2 Hazards and Risks in Deep-Seabed Mining; 2.3 Sustainability Requirements; Benthic Intervention; Dredging Efficiency; Sweep Efficiency; Materials Transportation; Vertical Ore Lifting; By-products and Tailing; Key Parameters for Sustainable Mining; Seafloor Penetration Depth; Spreading Range of Sediment Plume; Co-transportation of Sediments and Seawater
Underwater NoisesCapacity of Seawater Treatment and Tailing; Leakage of Chemicals; Energy Efficiency; 3 Deep-Seabed Mining Technology; 3.1 Concept of Continuous Mining System; 3.2 Design and Engineering Technology; Fundamental Tests and Experiments; Terramechanics and Experiments; Performance Test of Dredge Head; Slurry Flow Characteristics and Experiments; Modeling and Simulation; Numerical Analysis Models; Meta-models; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; MDO of Nodule Collector; 3.3 Practical Implementations and Sea Trials; A Pilot Mining Robot; A Pilot Lifting System; 4 Conclusions
3.5 Concern Raised: Not Enough Is Being Done for the Marine Environment4 Mechanisms for Responsible Environmental Management; 5 Considerations for Sustainable Deep-Sea Mining; 6 Conclusions; References; Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining: A Law of the Sea Perspective; Environmental Impacts of Nodule, Crust and Sulphide Mining: An Overview; 1 Introduction; 2 Deep-Sea Minerals and Their Occurrence; 3 Progress Towards Deep-Sea Mining; 4 Environmental Issues Related to Deep-Sea Mining; 5 Deep-Sea Ecosystems; 5.1 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining SMS Deposits
5.2 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining Manganese Nodules5.3 Potential Environmental Impacts from Mining Cobalt Crusts; 6 Common Issues Related to Environmental Impact Affecting all Resource Types; 6.1 Mid-Water Plumes; 6.2 Noise and Light; 7 Conclusion; References; Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment for Deep-Sea Mining; 1 Environmental Impact Assessment and Deep-Sea Mining; 2 Ecosystem Services Provided by the Deep Sea; 3 State of Knowledge of Deep-Sea Ecosystem Services; 4 Evaluation Criteria; 5 Adaptive Management Approach; 6 Conclusions
Appendix A: Studies Included in Table 2References; Technologies for Safe and Sustainable Mining of Deep-Seabed Minerals; 1 Introduction; 2 Functional Requirements for Deep-Sea Mining; 2.1 Production of Functional Requirements; 2.2 Hazards and Risks in Deep-Seabed Mining; 2.3 Sustainability Requirements; Benthic Intervention; Dredging Efficiency; Sweep Efficiency; Materials Transportation; Vertical Ore Lifting; By-products and Tailing; Key Parameters for Sustainable Mining; Seafloor Penetration Depth; Spreading Range of Sediment Plume; Co-transportation of Sediments and Seawater
Underwater NoisesCapacity of Seawater Treatment and Tailing; Leakage of Chemicals; Energy Efficiency; 3 Deep-Seabed Mining Technology; 3.1 Concept of Continuous Mining System; 3.2 Design and Engineering Technology; Fundamental Tests and Experiments; Terramechanics and Experiments; Performance Test of Dredge Head; Slurry Flow Characteristics and Experiments; Modeling and Simulation; Numerical Analysis Models; Meta-models; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; MDO of Nodule Collector; 3.3 Practical Implementations and Sea Trials; A Pilot Mining Robot; A Pilot Lifting System; 4 Conclusions