Intro; Preface: Catalan Identity; Acknowledgements; Contents; Editors and Contributors; 1 Catalan Identities: Literature, Social Commitment, and Political Engagement in the 20th Century; 1 Introduction; 2 Identity and Nationalism; 3 Linguistic and Literary Identity; 4 Social Identity; 5 Catalan Society; 6 About the Contents of This Book; References; Identity: Law, Philosophy, Literature and Language; 2 Catalan Identities: Language, Power and Political Pactism from a Historical Perspective; 1 Introduction: History and Institutional Identities

2 Mediaeval Legal Pactism, Late Legal Pactism, and Political Pactism3 Late Legal Pactism; 4 Political Pactism; 5 Literature and the Use of Language; 6 Catalan Literature and Reverse Nationalism; References; 3 Catalan Identity Projected Abroad: The Example of the Journal Cataluña; 1 The Journal Cataluña; 2 Cels Gomis: The Editor; 3 Cels Gomis: The Author; 4 "The Journal Will Not Be Political"; 5 Contact with Contributors; 6 The End of the Adventure and the Beginning of Other Initiatives; References; 4 Essay and Philosophy in Catalan Culture from 1940 to 1960; 1 Introduction

2 Deficiency in the Essay3 The Voices of the Essay; 4 Aspects of the Essay; 5 Discussions About the Essay; 6 Epilogue; References; 5 Language Policies in Contemporary Catalonia: A History of Linguistic and Political Ideas; 1 Introduction; 2 Language and Modernity: From Diglossia to the Impetus of a National Language; 3 The Life of the Language During the Franco Regime; 3.1 Exile; 3.2 The Border: Peace, Language, Hope; 3.3 On Sacred Ground; 3.4 A Fracture; 4 The Transition Towards Linguistic Diversity in a Context of Political and Demographic Change; 4.1 New Identities, New Language Policies

4.2 Languages During the Spanish TransitionReferences; Humanities in Exile; 6 Carles Riba: An Intellectual Between Poetry and Politics; 1 Introduction: Juvenile Impulses; 2 The Catalan Cultural Project of the First Quarter of the 20th Century; 3 Intellectuals and Politicians. Socrates and Joan Maragall; 4 The Role of Literature; 5 Literary Commitment and the Spanish War; 6 Poetry in the Post-war Period; References; 7 Identity and Memory in the 1939 Catalan Literature of Exile; 1 Introduction; 2 Francoist Regime: The Annihilation of Memory and Identity

3 The Exiles' Commitment to the Recovery of Memory and Identity3.1 Domènec Guansé (1894-1978); 3.2 Vicenç Riera Llorca (1903-1991); 4 Aspects of Exile: The Return, the Letters and Censorship; References; 8 Catalan Translation in Chile in the Exile of 1939; 1 Background and Prolegomena; 2 Germanor and Catalunya; 3 Translation and Language; 4 No Return?; References; Writing Under Francoism; 9 Joan Oliver Under Francoist Police Surveillance (1948-1977); 1 Introduction; 2 Surveillance, Home Searches and Oliver's First Arrest (1948-1949); 3 Activism and Resistance During the Turbid 1960s