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Intro; Contents; About the Editor; 1: Epiretinal Membranes and Macular Pseudoholes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Epiretinal Membrane (ERM); 1.1.2 Macular Pseudohole (MPH); 1.2 Etiopathogenesis; 1.2.1 ERM; 1.2.2 MPH; 1.3 Clinical Features; 1.3.1 A Typical Case of ERM; 1.3.2 Examples of Secondary ERM; 1.3.3 Presenting Age, VA, and Laterality in ERM; 1.3.4 Status of Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) in ERM; 1.3.5 Summary of Clinical Features in ERM; 1.3.6 A Typical Case of MPH; 1.3.7 Presenting Age, Visual Acuity, and Fluorescein Angiography in MPH; 1.3.8 Status of PVD in MPH
1.3.9 Detailed MPH Characteristic Discovery Under OCT Advances1.3.10 How to Differentiate Between Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH) and MPH; 1.3.11 Summary of Clinical Features in MPH; 1.4 Management; 1.4.1 Observation in ERM and MPH; 1.4.2 Vitreoretinal Surgery in ERM; 1.4.2.1 Indication for Surgery in ERM; 1.4.2.2 ERM Peeling in ERM; 1.4.2.3 ILM Peeling in ERM; 1.4.2.4 Postoperative VA Improvement in ERM; 1.4.2.5 Recurrence Rate in ERM; 1.4.3 Vitreoretinal Surgery in MPH; References; 2: Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Etiopathogenesis
2.3 Definition and Classification2.3.1 Definition; 2.3.2 Classification; 2.4 Management; 2.4.1 Observation; 2.4.2 Medical Therapy; 2.4.3 Surgery; References; 3: Macular Holes; 3.1 Definition; 3.2 Epidemiology; 3.3 Classification; 3.3.1 Gass Classification; 3.3.2 International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group Classification; 3.3.2.1 Vitreomacular Adhesion and Vitreomacular Traction; 3.3.2.2 Full-Thickness Macular Hole; Macular Hole Size; Macular Holes Associated with Vitreomacular Traction; Etiology; 3.3.2.3 Impending Macular Hole; 3.3.2.4 Lamellar Macular Hole
3.3.2.5 Macular Pseudohole3.4 Pathophysiology; 3.5 Natural History and Clinical Features; 3.5.1 The Fellow Eye; 3.6 Diagnosis; 3.6.1 Slit-Lamp Examination; 3.6.2 Diagnostic Tests; 3.6.2.1 Watzke-Allen Test; 3.6.2.2 Laser Aiming Beam Test; 3.6.2.3 Amsler Grid; 3.6.3 Imaging; 3.6.3.1 Optical Coherence Tomography; 3.6.3.2 Fluorescein Angiography; 3.6.3.3 B-Scan Ultrasonography; 3.6.3.4 Fundus Autofluorescence; 3.6.3.5 Fundus Photography; 3.7 Prognosis and Treatment; 3.7.1 Observation; 3.7.2 Treatment; 3.7.2.1 Vitrectomy; Surgical Outcomes; 3.7.2.2 Pharmacologic Treatment
3.8 Traumatic Macular Hole3.8.1 Mechanism of Hole Formation; 3.8.1.1 Rapid Onset TMH; 3.8.1.2 Delayed Onset TMH; 3.8.2 TMH and Visual Acuity; References; 4: Myopic Foveoschisis and Macular Hole Retinal Detachment; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Etiopathogenesis; 4.3 Clinical Features; 4.4 Management; 4.4.1 Observation Alone; 4.4.2 Vitreoretinal Surgery; 4.5 Conclusions; References; 5: Diabetic Retinopathy: Surgical Aspects; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Indications for Surgery; 5.2.1 Vitreous Hemorrhage; 5.2.2 Tractional Retinal Detachment; 5.2.3 Diabetic Macular Edema; 5.2.4 Miscellaneous; 5.2.4.1 Cataract
1.3.9 Detailed MPH Characteristic Discovery Under OCT Advances1.3.10 How to Differentiate Between Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH) and MPH; 1.3.11 Summary of Clinical Features in MPH; 1.4 Management; 1.4.1 Observation in ERM and MPH; 1.4.2 Vitreoretinal Surgery in ERM; 1.4.2.1 Indication for Surgery in ERM; 1.4.2.2 ERM Peeling in ERM; 1.4.2.3 ILM Peeling in ERM; 1.4.2.4 Postoperative VA Improvement in ERM; 1.4.2.5 Recurrence Rate in ERM; 1.4.3 Vitreoretinal Surgery in MPH; References; 2: Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Etiopathogenesis
2.3 Definition and Classification2.3.1 Definition; 2.3.2 Classification; 2.4 Management; 2.4.1 Observation; 2.4.2 Medical Therapy; 2.4.3 Surgery; References; 3: Macular Holes; 3.1 Definition; 3.2 Epidemiology; 3.3 Classification; 3.3.1 Gass Classification; 3.3.2 International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group Classification; 3.3.2.1 Vitreomacular Adhesion and Vitreomacular Traction; 3.3.2.2 Full-Thickness Macular Hole; Macular Hole Size; Macular Holes Associated with Vitreomacular Traction; Etiology; 3.3.2.3 Impending Macular Hole; 3.3.2.4 Lamellar Macular Hole
3.3.2.5 Macular Pseudohole3.4 Pathophysiology; 3.5 Natural History and Clinical Features; 3.5.1 The Fellow Eye; 3.6 Diagnosis; 3.6.1 Slit-Lamp Examination; 3.6.2 Diagnostic Tests; 3.6.2.1 Watzke-Allen Test; 3.6.2.2 Laser Aiming Beam Test; 3.6.2.3 Amsler Grid; 3.6.3 Imaging; 3.6.3.1 Optical Coherence Tomography; 3.6.3.2 Fluorescein Angiography; 3.6.3.3 B-Scan Ultrasonography; 3.6.3.4 Fundus Autofluorescence; 3.6.3.5 Fundus Photography; 3.7 Prognosis and Treatment; 3.7.1 Observation; 3.7.2 Treatment; 3.7.2.1 Vitrectomy; Surgical Outcomes; 3.7.2.2 Pharmacologic Treatment
3.8 Traumatic Macular Hole3.8.1 Mechanism of Hole Formation; 3.8.1.1 Rapid Onset TMH; 3.8.1.2 Delayed Onset TMH; 3.8.2 TMH and Visual Acuity; References; 4: Myopic Foveoschisis and Macular Hole Retinal Detachment; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Etiopathogenesis; 4.3 Clinical Features; 4.4 Management; 4.4.1 Observation Alone; 4.4.2 Vitreoretinal Surgery; 4.5 Conclusions; References; 5: Diabetic Retinopathy: Surgical Aspects; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Indications for Surgery; 5.2.1 Vitreous Hemorrhage; 5.2.2 Tractional Retinal Detachment; 5.2.3 Diabetic Macular Edema; 5.2.4 Miscellaneous; 5.2.4.1 Cataract